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Basic Rheumatology Terminology
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RA
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
OA
Osteoarthritis
AS
Ankylosing Spondylitis
RF
Rheumatoid Factor
ANA
Antinuclear Antibody
ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
CRP
C-Reactive Protein
HLA-B27
Human Leukocyte Antigen B27
DMARDs
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Sjogren's Syndrome
A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth.
Fibromyalgia
A condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues.
Gout
A type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood.
CPPD
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
Vasculitis
Inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause vessel walls to thicken, narrow, weaken, or scar, affecting flow of blood throughout the body.
PsA
Psoriatic Arthritis
Anti-CCP
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide antibody
TNF
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Pannus
An abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue, common in rheumatoid arthritis, that spreads over joint surfaces and causes cartilage erosion.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
An inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness, most commonly in the shoulders and hips, often associated with giant cell arteritis.
Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane, the lining of the joint.
Lupus Nephritis
An inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus.
Myositis
Inflammation of the muscles, which can cause muscle weakness and pain.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
A vascular disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas, due to an excessive response to cold or stress.
Tophi
Deposits of monosodium urate crystals in people with longstanding hyperuricemia (which results in gout).
Seronegative
Refers to diseases where the characteristic autoantibodies are absent, often seen in certain types of arthritis.
Scleroderma
A group of rare, progressive diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.
Dactylitis
Inflammation of the fingers or toes which may present as swelling giving a sausage-like appearance, often seen in psoriatic arthritis and other spondyloarthropathies.
Enthesitis
Inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
An autoimmune disorder characterized by blood clots and pregnancy complications, associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
A disease involving inflammation of small blood vessels, causing them to bleed into the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys.
Bouchard's Nodes
Bony enlargements on the middle joints of fingers, often associated with osteoarthritis.
Heberden's Nodes
Bony enlargements of the small joints at the distal end of the fingers commonly associated with osteoarthritis.
Scleritis
A serious inflammation of the sclera, the white outer coating of the eye, often associated with autoimmune diseases.
Spondyloarthropathy
A group of inflammatory diseases that involve both the joints and the entheses (sites where the ligaments and tendons attach to bones).
Caplan's Syndrome
A rare condition involving lung nodules in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis who have had significant exposure to coal dust.
Baker's Cyst
A fluid-filled cyst that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind the knee.
Behcet's Disease
A rare disorder causing inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body.
Chondritis
Inflammation of the cartilage.
Costochondritis
Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum (breastbone).
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
A rare autoimmune disorder with overlapping features of lupus, scleroderma, and polymyositis, and uniquely characterized by high levels of anti-U1 RNP antibodies.
Polychondritis
A rare multisystem disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilage and other tissues throughout the body.
Reactive Arthritis
An autoimmune condition that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body (cross-reactivity).
Septic Arthritis
The infection of a joint, usually caused by bacteria, which can lead to rapid joint destruction.
Still's Disease
A rare inflammatory disorder characterized by high fevers, rash, and joint pain that may progress to chronic arthritis.
Takayasu's Arteritis
A rare form of vasculitis that affects large and medium-sized arteries, particularly the aorta and its main branches.
Uveitis
Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye that consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
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