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Rheumatology Pharmacology

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Febuxostat

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Selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor; used in chronic gout management, especially in patients intolerant to allopurinol.

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Upadacitinib

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Selectively inhibits JAK1; used in rheumatoid arthritis.

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Abatacept

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Inhibits T-cell activation by binding to CD80/86; used in rheumatoid arthritis.

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Cyclosporine

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Calcineurin inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

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TNF-alpha Inhibitors (ex: Etanercept, Infliximab)

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Neutralize TNF-alpha, reducing inflammation; used in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis.

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Leflunomide

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Inhibits pyrimidine synthesis; used in rheumatoid arthritis.

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Tofacitinib

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Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis.

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Azathioprine

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Purine synthesis inhibitor, used in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Belimumab

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Inhibits B-lymphocyte stimulator protein; used in systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Ruxolitinib

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JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor; used off-label in rheumatology for myelofibrosis-related splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms.

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Celecoxib

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COX-2 selective inhibitor; NSAID used for symptomatic relief in rheumatologic conditions, with a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

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Mycophenolate mofetil

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Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; used in lupus nephritis.

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Ustekinumab

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Inhibits IL-12 and IL-23; used in psoriatic arthritis.

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Naproxen

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NSAID; inhibits cyclooxygenase, used for symptomatic relief in various rheumatologic conditions including gout.

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Secukinumab

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Inhibits IL-17A; used in psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

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Probenecid

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Uricosuric agent that increases renal excretion of uric acid; used in gout management.

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Pegloticase

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Recombinant uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin; used in refractory chronic gout.

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Canakinumab

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Monoclonal antibody against IL-1 beta; used in gout flares and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.

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Anakinra

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IL-1 receptor antagonist; used in rheumatoid arthritis and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.

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Golimumab

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TNF-alpha inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

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Tocilizumab

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IL-6 receptor antagonist; used in rheumatoid arthritis and Giant Cell Arteritis.

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Certolizumab pegol

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TNF-alpha inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

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Sulfasalazine

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Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, used in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathies.

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Colchicine

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Inhibits microtubule polymerization, used in gout prophylaxis and treatment.

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Cyclophosphamide

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Alkylating agent causing DNA cross-linking; used in vasculitis and severe lupus nephritis.

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Rituximab

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Depletes CD20+ B cells; used in rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

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Apremilast

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PDE4 inhibitor, reducing inflammation by increasing intracellular cAMP; used in psoriatic arthritis.

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Ibuprofen

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NSAID; inhibits cyclooxygenase, used for symptomatic relief in various rheumatologic conditions.

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Allopurinol

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Inhibits xanthine oxidase, used in chronic management of gout.

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Penicillamine

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Chelating agent that binds copper, used in Wilson's disease and for features like swollen joints in rheumatoid arthritis.

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Filgotinib

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JAK1 inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis.

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Baricitinib

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JAK inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis.

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Hydroxychloroquine

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Interferes with lysosomal activity and autophagy, used in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Pimecrolimus

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Calcineurin inhibitor applied topically; used in dermatologic conditions associated with rheumatologic diseases.

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Methotrexate

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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, used in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

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