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Rheumatology Pharmacology
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Febuxostat
Selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor; used in chronic gout management, especially in patients intolerant to allopurinol.
Upadacitinib
Selectively inhibits JAK1; used in rheumatoid arthritis.
Abatacept
Inhibits T-cell activation by binding to CD80/86; used in rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
TNF-alpha Inhibitors (ex: Etanercept, Infliximab)
Neutralize TNF-alpha, reducing inflammation; used in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis.
Leflunomide
Inhibits pyrimidine synthesis; used in rheumatoid arthritis.
Tofacitinib
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis.
Azathioprine
Purine synthesis inhibitor, used in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Belimumab
Inhibits B-lymphocyte stimulator protein; used in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Ruxolitinib
JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor; used off-label in rheumatology for myelofibrosis-related splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms.
Celecoxib
COX-2 selective inhibitor; NSAID used for symptomatic relief in rheumatologic conditions, with a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Mycophenolate mofetil
Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; used in lupus nephritis.
Ustekinumab
Inhibits IL-12 and IL-23; used in psoriatic arthritis.
Naproxen
NSAID; inhibits cyclooxygenase, used for symptomatic relief in various rheumatologic conditions including gout.
Secukinumab
Inhibits IL-17A; used in psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Probenecid
Uricosuric agent that increases renal excretion of uric acid; used in gout management.
Pegloticase
Recombinant uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin; used in refractory chronic gout.
Canakinumab
Monoclonal antibody against IL-1 beta; used in gout flares and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.
Anakinra
IL-1 receptor antagonist; used in rheumatoid arthritis and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.
Golimumab
TNF-alpha inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Tocilizumab
IL-6 receptor antagonist; used in rheumatoid arthritis and Giant Cell Arteritis.
Certolizumab pegol
TNF-alpha inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Sulfasalazine
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, used in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathies.
Colchicine
Inhibits microtubule polymerization, used in gout prophylaxis and treatment.
Cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agent causing DNA cross-linking; used in vasculitis and severe lupus nephritis.
Rituximab
Depletes CD20+ B cells; used in rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Apremilast
PDE4 inhibitor, reducing inflammation by increasing intracellular cAMP; used in psoriatic arthritis.
Ibuprofen
NSAID; inhibits cyclooxygenase, used for symptomatic relief in various rheumatologic conditions.
Allopurinol
Inhibits xanthine oxidase, used in chronic management of gout.
Penicillamine
Chelating agent that binds copper, used in Wilson's disease and for features like swollen joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
Filgotinib
JAK1 inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis.
Baricitinib
JAK inhibitor; used in rheumatoid arthritis.
Hydroxychloroquine
Interferes with lysosomal activity and autophagy, used in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Pimecrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor applied topically; used in dermatologic conditions associated with rheumatologic diseases.
Methotrexate
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, used in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.
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