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Myopathies in Rheumatology
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Myositis Ossificans
Causes: Muscle injury, genetic mutations. Symptoms: Painful swelling, limitation in joint movement, calcified masses. Treatment: Rest, anti-inflammatory medication, surgery in severe cases.
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Causes: Hypothyroidism. Symptoms: Muscle weakness, stiffness, cramps. Treatment: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Myotonic Dystrophy
Causes: Genetic mutations affecting muscle cell function. Symptoms: Difficulty relaxing muscles, muscle wasting, cataracts. Treatment: Symptomatic relief, physical therapy, pacemaker for cardiac issues.
Dermatomyositis
Causes: Autoimmune response, possible viral trigger. Symptoms: Muscle weakness, distinctive skin rash, Gottron's papules. Treatment: Immunosuppressants, physical therapy, sun protection.
Inclusion Body Myositis
Causes: Inflammatory and degenerative muscle processes. Symptoms: Progressive weakness, trouble with grip, falls. Treatment: Physical therapy, IV immunoglobulin, wrist braces.
Rhabdomyolysis
Causes: Extreme muscle strain, medications, toxins. Symptoms: Muscle pain, weakness, tea-colored urine. Treatment: Aggressive fluid therapy, electrolyte monitoring, removing causal agents.
Statin-Induced Myopathy
Causes: Side-effect of statin medications. Symptoms: Muscle aches, tenderness, weakness. Treatment: Discontinuing statins, CoQ10 supplements, switching medications.
Thyroid Myopathy
Causes: Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Symptoms: Muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness. Treatment: Anti-thyroid drugs or thyroid hormone replacement, supportive care.
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Causes: Genetic mutations in mitochondria. Symptoms: Muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, neurological issues. Treatment: Supportive care, vitamins and supplements, avoiding triggers.
Critical Illness Myopathy
Causes: Prolonged ICU stay, use of certain medications. Symptoms: Severe muscle weakness, difficulty weaning from a ventilator. Treatment: Gradual physical rehabilitation, minimizing sedation and steroids.
Glycogen Storage Disease
Causes: Genetic enzyme deficiencies. Symptoms: Muscle cramping, exercise intolerance, myoglobinuria. Treatment: Dietary management, supplements like cornstarch or protein as prescribed.
Polymyositis
Causes: Autoimmune response. Symptoms: Symmetrical muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, fatigue. Treatment: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents.
Endocrine Myopathies
Causes: Hormonal imbalances such as Cushing's syndrome or hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms: Proximal muscle weakness, muscle atrophy. Treatment: Treating the underlying endocrine disorder.
Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy
Causes: Statins, autoimmune conditions. Symptoms: Rapid muscle weakness, dark urine, high muscle enzymes. Treatment: High-dose corticosteroids, IVIG, plasmapheresis.
Toxic Myopathy
Causes: Alcohol, drugs, toxins. Symptoms: Muscle weakness, myalgias, elevated creatine kinase. Treatment: Ceasing toxin exposure, supportive care, hydration.
Lipid Storage Myopathy
Causes: Genetic defects in lipid metabolism. Symptoms: Exercise intolerance, myalgia, episodes of myoglobinuria. Treatment: Dietary modifications, medium-chain triglyceride supplements.
Alcohol-Related Myopathy
Causes: Chronic alcohol use. Symptoms: Muscle cramping, myopathy, painful muscles. Treatment: Abstinence from alcohol, supportive therapy, vitamin supplementation.
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
Causes: Unknown, possible autoimmune mechanism. Symptoms: Symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, dysphagia, interstitial lung disease. Treatment: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, physical therapy.
Congenital Myopathies
Causes: Genetic mutations affecting muscle fibers. Symptoms: Muscle weakness from birth, hypotonia, developmental delays. Treatment: Multidisciplinary approach, supportive therapies, assistive devices.
Fibromyalgia
Causes: Unknown, potential genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms: Widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive difficulties. Treatment: Medication, exercise, stress reduction.
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