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Infectious Causes of Arthritis
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Staphylococcus aureus
Septic arthritis, treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Nafcillin or Vancomycin) and joint drainage
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Septic arthritis, treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Ceftriaxone or Penicillin) and joint drainage
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonococcal arthritis, treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Ceftriaxone plus Azithromycin or Doxycycline)
Salmonella spp.
Reactive arthritis, treatment: Supportive care, antibiotics in some cases (Ciprofloxacin or Ceftriaxone)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme arthritis, treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Doxycycline or Amoxicillin)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculous arthritis, treatment: Combination antitubercular therapy (e.g., Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Reactive arthritis, treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Doxycycline) and symptomatic treatment
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
HIV-associated arthritis, treatment: Antiretroviral therapy and anti-inflammatory medications
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Reactive arthritis, treatment: Antiviral therapy and symptomatic treatment
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
HCV-associated arthritis, treatment: Antiviral therapy (e.g., Direct-acting antivirals) and symptomatic treatment
Parvovirus B19
Transient arthritis, treatment: Symptomatic treatment (e.g., NSAIDs)
Rubella virus
Rubella arthritis, treatment: Symptomatic treatment (e.g., NSAIDs) and vaccination to prevent future infections
Campylobacter spp.
Reactive arthritis, treatment: Supportive care, rarely antibiotics
Shigella spp.
Reactive arthritis, treatment: Supportive care and sometimes antibiotics (e.g., Ciprofloxacin)
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Septic arthritis, especially in immunocompromised patients, treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Doxycycline or Quinolones)
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