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Pleural effusion and pneumonitis are potential pulmonary manifestations of SLE.

ANA test is commonly positive in SLE patients and is often used as a screening tool.

Women with SLE need careful selection of contraception to avoid hormonal influences that can contribute to flares.

The malar rash, also known as the butterfly rash, is a classic skin manifestation of SLE.

The ACR criteria include malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis, serositis, renal disorder, neurological disorder, hematological disorder, immunological disorder, and presence of antinuclear antibodies.

Nervous system involvement in SLE can manifest as seizures, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction.

Topical corticosteroids and immunomodulators, as well as antimalarial drugs, can be used to treat lupus-related skin lesions.

Biological agents, such as Belimumab, target specific components of the immune system to control SLE.

Corticosteroids are used in SLE for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Flare management includes increasing medication doses, rest, and avoiding triggers such as sunlight.

Patients with SLE are advised to avoid sun exposure as it can worsen skin lesions and trigger flares.

Discoid lupus is a chronic skin condition associated with SLE, characterized by disc-shaped, scaly, red patches.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissue.

Treatment may include NSAIDs, corticosteroids, antimalarials, DMARDs, and biological agents.

SLE increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, hence monitoring and preventive strategies are important.

SLE can cause various blood disorders including anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and antiphospholipid syndrome.

Sjogren's syndrome is a common overlap condition in SLE, characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth.

Symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, rash, and fevers.

SLE can affect pregnancy outcomes and requires close monitoring for both the mother and fetus.

Anti-dsDNA antibodies are more specific for SLE and correlate with disease activity.

Environmental factors, such as UV light, infections, and stress, can trigger lupus flares.

Regular monitoring with blood tests, urine tests, and clinical assessments is necessary to assess disease activity and organ involvement in SLE.

Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by SLE and requires a renal biopsy for diagnosis.

Hydroxychloroquine is often the first-line drug used for managing SLE due to its effectiveness and safety profile.