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Vasculitis Disorders Overview
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Cogan’s Syndrome
Common symptoms include interstitial keratitis, audiovestibular symptoms, and vertigo. Diagnostic tests include audiometric tests, slit lamp examination, and temporal artery biopsy.
Relapsing Polychondritis
Common symptoms include recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous structures, eye inflammation, and hearing loss. Diagnostic tests include biopsy, hearing tests, and imaging for cartilage involvement.
Rheumatoid Vasculitis
Common symptoms include skin ulcers, neuropathy, and systemic symptoms. Diagnostic tests include rheumatoid factor test, anti-CCP antibodies, and imaging of affected organs.
Takayasu Arteritis
Common symptoms include arm claudication, reduced pulse, and hypertension. Diagnostic tests include angiography, MRI, and CRP levels.
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Common symptoms include purpura, joint pain, and weakness. Diagnostic tests include cryoglobulins test, hepatitis C test, and skin biopsy.
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS)
Common symptoms include headaches, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological deficits. Diagnostic tests include MRI of the brain, angiography, and cerebral biopsy.
IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein)
Common symptoms include palpable purpura, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy showing IgA deposits, kidney biopsy, and urine analysis.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Vasculitis
Common symptoms include skin rash, arthralgias, renal involvement, and neurological manifestations. Diagnostic tests include ANA test, complement levels, and biopsy of affected organs.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Common symptoms include abdominal pain, joint pain, and palpable purpura. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy, urine analysis, and abdominal ultrasound.
Kawasaki Disease
Common symptoms include fever, strawberry tongue, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnostic tests include echocardiogram, CRP, and ESR.
Drug-Induced Vasculitis
Common symptoms include rash, fever, and organ involvement. Diagnostic tests can include withdrawal of the suspected drug, skin biopsy, and urine analysis.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
Common symptoms include sinusitis, hematuria, and coughing up blood. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, chest X-ray, and kidney biopsy.
Anti-GBM Disease
Common symptoms include hematuria, anemia, and kidney failure. Diagnostic tests include anti-GBM antibody test, kidney biopsy, and chest X-ray for lung involvement.
Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
Common symptoms include claudication, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and skin ulcers. Diagnostic tests include angiography, Allen’s test, and tissue biopsy.
Single-Organ Vasculitis
Symptoms and tests depend on the affected organ system, ranging from skin lesions to organ-specific ischemia. Biopsy of the affected organ is crucial for diagnosis.
Secondary Vasculitis
Symptoms and diagnostic tests are variable and related to the underlying disorder such as infections, cancers, or other rheumatic diseases.
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Common symptoms include renal involvement, respiratory tract involvement, and systemic symptoms. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, organ-specific biopsies, and imaging studies.
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
Common symptoms include asthma, sinusitis, and skin nodules. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, eosinophil count, and biopsy of affected tissue.
Behçet’s Disease
Common symptoms include oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Diagnostic tests include pathergy test, eye examination, and HLA-B51 typing.
Urticarial Vasculitis
Common symptoms include long-lasting urticaria, joint pain, and abdominal pain. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy, complement levels, and ANCA test.
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
Common symptoms include fever, weight loss, and muscle pain. Diagnostic tests include biopsy of affected organ, angiography, and ANCA test.
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)
Common symptoms include headache, jaw claudication, and visual disturbances. Diagnostic tests include ESR, CRP, and temporal artery biopsy.
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)
Common symptoms include glomerulonephritis, lung hemorrhage, and purpura. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, kidney biopsy, and chest imaging.
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
Common symptoms include skin ulcers, glomerulonephritis, and arthralgia. Diagnostic tests include serum cryoglobulins test, rheumatoid factor test, and hepatitis C test.
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis
Common symptoms include palpable purpura, fever, and joint pain. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy, complement levels, and ANCA test.
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