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Vasculitis Disorders Overview

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Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

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Common symptoms include abdominal pain, joint pain, and palpable purpura. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy, urine analysis, and abdominal ultrasound.

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Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)

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Common symptoms include asthma, sinusitis, and skin nodules. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, eosinophil count, and biopsy of affected tissue.

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Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include purpura, joint pain, and weakness. Diagnostic tests include cryoglobulins test, hepatitis C test, and skin biopsy.

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Cogan’s Syndrome

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Common symptoms include interstitial keratitis, audiovestibular symptoms, and vertigo. Diagnostic tests include audiometric tests, slit lamp examination, and temporal artery biopsy.

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Single-Organ Vasculitis

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Symptoms and tests depend on the affected organ system, ranging from skin lesions to organ-specific ischemia. Biopsy of the affected organ is crucial for diagnosis.

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Hypersensitivity Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include palpable purpura, fever, and joint pain. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy, complement levels, and ANCA test.

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Rheumatoid Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include skin ulcers, neuropathy, and systemic symptoms. Diagnostic tests include rheumatoid factor test, anti-CCP antibodies, and imaging of affected organs.

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Behçet’s Disease

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Common symptoms include oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Diagnostic tests include pathergy test, eye examination, and HLA-B51 typing.

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IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein)

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Common symptoms include palpable purpura, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy showing IgA deposits, kidney biopsy, and urine analysis.

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Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)

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Common symptoms include claudication, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and skin ulcers. Diagnostic tests include angiography, Allen’s test, and tissue biopsy.

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Drug-Induced Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include rash, fever, and organ involvement. Diagnostic tests can include withdrawal of the suspected drug, skin biopsy, and urine analysis.

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Relapsing Polychondritis

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Common symptoms include recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous structures, eye inflammation, and hearing loss. Diagnostic tests include biopsy, hearing tests, and imaging for cartilage involvement.

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include skin rash, arthralgias, renal involvement, and neurological manifestations. Diagnostic tests include ANA test, complement levels, and biopsy of affected organs.

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Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

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Common symptoms include fever, weight loss, and muscle pain. Diagnostic tests include biopsy of affected organ, angiography, and ANCA test.

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Secondary Vasculitis

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Symptoms and diagnostic tests are variable and related to the underlying disorder such as infections, cancers, or other rheumatic diseases.

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Urticarial Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include long-lasting urticaria, joint pain, and abdominal pain. Diagnostic tests include skin biopsy, complement levels, and ANCA test.

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Takayasu Arteritis

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Common symptoms include arm claudication, reduced pulse, and hypertension. Diagnostic tests include angiography, MRI, and CRP levels.

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Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS)

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Common symptoms include headaches, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological deficits. Diagnostic tests include MRI of the brain, angiography, and cerebral biopsy.

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Anti-GBM Disease

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Common symptoms include hematuria, anemia, and kidney failure. Diagnostic tests include anti-GBM antibody test, kidney biopsy, and chest X-ray for lung involvement.

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Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

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Common symptoms include headache, jaw claudication, and visual disturbances. Diagnostic tests include ESR, CRP, and temporal artery biopsy.

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Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)

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Common symptoms include sinusitis, hematuria, and coughing up blood. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, chest X-ray, and kidney biopsy.

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Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)

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Common symptoms include glomerulonephritis, lung hemorrhage, and purpura. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, kidney biopsy, and chest imaging.

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Kawasaki Disease

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Common symptoms include fever, strawberry tongue, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnostic tests include echocardiogram, CRP, and ESR.

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ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

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Common symptoms include renal involvement, respiratory tract involvement, and systemic symptoms. Diagnostic tests include ANCA test, organ-specific biopsies, and imaging studies.

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Mixed Cryoglobulinemia

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Common symptoms include skin ulcers, glomerulonephritis, and arthralgia. Diagnostic tests include serum cryoglobulins test, rheumatoid factor test, and hepatitis C test.

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