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Sjögren's Syndrome Insights
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Dry Eyes (Xerophthalmia)
Caused by decreased tear production. Management includes artificial tears and moisture chamber spectacles.
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Results from reduced salivary flow. Management entails sipping water regularly, using saliva substitutes, and good oral hygiene.
Joint Pain (Arthralgia) and Swelling
Commonly affects small joints. Managed with NSAIDs, corticosteroids or DMARDs for more severe cases.
Fatigue
A pervasive and disabling symptom. Management focuses on pacing activities, getting adequate rest, and possibly cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Dental Caries
Due to dry mouth, risk of dental decay increases. Prevention through fluoride treatments and meticulous dental care is key.
Oral Candidiasis
Yeast infections in the mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction. Antifungal medications and good oral hygiene practices are the mainstay of treatment.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Characterized by episodic vasospasm in extremities. Management includes keeping warm, avoiding stress and smoking, and vasodilator drugs if severe.
Vaginal Dryness
Can lead to dyspareunia (painful intercourse). Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants, along with estrogen therapy, can alleviate symptoms.
Swollen Salivary Glands
Usually the parotid gland. Managed with good oral hygiene, massage, and sometimes corticosteroids or immunosuppressants for inflammation.
Dry Skin (Xerosis)
Often due to decreased moisture. Use of moisturizers and mild soaps can help maintain skin hydration.
Persistent Dry Cough
Results from dryness in the respiratory tract. Staying hydrated and using expectorants can be beneficial.
Interstitial Lung Disease
Can occur in advanced cases. Treatment includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Nerve dysfunction can cause numbness and tingling. Managed with pain medication, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticonvulsants for neuropathic pain.
Lymphoma
Increased risk in Sjögren's patients. Monitoring and treatment depend on the type and stage of lymphoma, often involves chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
A form of chronic dry eye. Diagnosed with Schirmer's test or tear break-up time test; treated with cyclosporine eye drops or punctal plugs.
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