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Significance: It resulted in the decisive defeat of the Sasanian Empire by the Muslim forces, leading to the Islamic conquest of Persia. Parties Involved: Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire.

Significance: A major battle that led to the Arab conquest of the Levant. Parties Involved: Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate.

Significance: A key event of the First Crusade, leading to the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Parties Involved: Crusaders and the Fatimid Caliphate.

Significance: This battle resulted in Muslim reclamation of Jerusalem and weakened Christian states in the Holy Land. Parties Involved: Ayyubid forces led by Saladin and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Significance: Signaled the end of the Crusader presence in the Holy Land. Parties Involved: Mamluks and the Crusader States.

Significance: Marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and stopped their advance into Egypt. Parties Involved: Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Mongol Empire.

Significance: Establishing the border between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia, this battle began the Ottoman-Safavid Wars. Parties Involved: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persian Empire.

Significance: Marked the limit of Ottoman expansion in Central Europe. Parties Involved: Ottoman Empire and Habsburg Monarchy.

Significance: A crucial naval battle which marked the end of Ottoman naval dominance in the Mediterranean. Parties Involved: Holy League (a coalition of Christian states) and the Ottoman Empire.

Significance: The city's sack ended the Islamic Golden Age and devastated the Abbasid Caliphate. Parties Involved: Mongol Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate.

Significance: It represented a setback for the British in their attempts to advance into Palestine during World War I. Parties Involved: British Empire and Ottoman Empire.

Significance: This battle marked the beginning of the end of the Ottoman Empire’s control over the Middle East. Parties Involved: Allied forces, including the British Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.

Significance: The battle became a source of pride for the Arab world and a recruiting draw for the PLO. Parties Involved: Israel and a coalition of Arab forces, including the PLO.

Significance: A battle during the Yom Kippur War which resulted in Syrian forces recapturing a portion of the Golan Heights. Parties Involved: Syria and Israel.

Significance: A key battle in the Yom Kippur War that allowed the Egyptians to maintain their bridgeheads across the Suez Canal. Parties Involved: Israel and Egypt.

Significance: Led to the expulsion of PLO forces from Lebanon and influenced the Lebanese Civil War's trajectory. Parties Involved: Israel and PLO with Syrian and Lebanese forces.

Significance: Considered one of the largest land battles since World War II, it was part of the Iran-Iraq War. Parties Involved: Iraq and Iran.

Significance: It was a turning point in the fight against the Islamic State, resulting in the liberation of Mosul. Parties Involved: Iraqi government forces with international coalition support and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).

Significance: Led to the first major split in Islam into Sunni and Shia factions due to the first Muslim civil war, the First Fitna. Parties Involved: Forces of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the fourth Caliph) and Muawiyah I.