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Middle Eastern Geography

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Turkey

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Ankara: Capital of Turkey, situated in the Anatolian region of the country.

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Saudi Arabia

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Riyadh: Capital city, located in the Najd region, major financial hub.

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Egypt

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Cairo: Capital of Egypt, one of the largest cities in Africa, famous for its proximity to the Giza pyramid complex.

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Iran

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Tehran: Capital city, situated in the north of the country, cultural and economic center.

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United Arab Emirates

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Abu Dhabi: Capital and second most populous city, located on an island in the Persian Gulf.

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The Dead Sea

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Location: Borders Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west. Known for its hypersaline water and mineral content.

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Israel

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Jerusalem: Contested capital, one of the oldest cities in the world and significant to major monotheistic religions.

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Petra

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Location: Southern Jordan. An archaeological city famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system.

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Iraq

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Baghdad: Capital city, historically known as the center of learning during the Islamic Golden Age.

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Kuwait

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Kuwait City: Capital, major cultural and economic hub, located on the shores of the Persian Gulf.

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Qatar

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Doha: Capital city, known for its futuristic skyscrapers and ultramodern architecture.

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Lebanon

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Beirut: Capital city, major port and cultural center, known for its rich history and vibrant nightlife.

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Jordan

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Amman: Capital city, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

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Syria

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Damascus: Capital city, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a rich cultural heritage.

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Oman

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Muscat: Capital city, situated on the Arabian Sea, known for its trading history and stunning forts.

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Bahrain

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Manama: Capital city, leading financial center with a thriving modern skyline.

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Yemen

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Sana'a: Capital city, one of the oldest populated cities in the world, with distinctive architectural styles.

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Cyprus

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Nicosia: Capital city, last divided capital in the world, with rich history and diverse culture.

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The Dome of the Rock

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Location: Jerusalem, an Islamic shrine with a golden dome, located on the Temple Mount in the Old City.

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Palmyra

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Location: Central Syria. An ancient Semitic city with Greco-Roman influences known for its well-preserved ruins.

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The Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba

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Location: Córdoba, Spain. Originally a Catholic Christian church converted into an Islamic mosque in the Middle Ages.

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The Bosphorus

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Location: Turkey. A narrow, natural strait that forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Babylon

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Location: Present-day Iraq. An ancient city which was the center of Mesopotamian civilization.

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Masada

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Location: Southern District of Israel. An ancient fortress on a towering plateau overlooking the Dead Sea.

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Suez Canal

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Location: Egypt. An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

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The Kaaba

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Location: Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islam's most sacred site, towards which Muslims face when performing prayers.

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The Golan Heights

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Location: Disputed region, internationally recognized as Syrian territory but occupied and administered by Israel.

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Azerbaijan

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Baku: Capital city, situated on the Caspian Sea, known for its medieval walled Inner City.

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Alhambra

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Location: Granada, Spain. A palace and fortress complex of the Moorish rulers, known for its architectural beauty.

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Persepolis

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Location: Iran. The ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, with impressive ruins and reliefs.

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