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The Balfour Declaration was a statement from the British government in 1917 expressing support for the establishment of a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine.

The Six-Day War was a conflict fought in 1967 between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Israel won the war and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.

The Camp David Accords were signed in 1978 under the auspices of US President Jimmy Carter, leading to a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt and a framework for Palestinian self-governance.

Intifada refers to Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation. The first intifada occurred from 1987 to 1993, and the second from 2000 to 2005.

The Oslo Accords, signed in 1993 and 1995, were agreements between Israel and the PLO that aimed to achieve a peace treaty based on UN Resolutions 242 and 338, and to provide for Palestinian self-rule.

Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist political organization and militant group that has waged war against Israel. It refuses to recognize Israel's right to exist and has been deemed a terrorist organization by many countries.

The Yom Kippur War was fought in 1973 when Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. The war led to an eventual military stalemate and subsequent peace negotiations.

Zionism is a nationalist movement that advocates for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel.

The PLO is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the 'liberation of Palestine' through armed struggle, but it has since recognized Israel's right to exist and sought a two-state solution.

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War was the first conflict between the newly declared State of Israel and a coalition of Arab states, ending with armistice agreements that divided the territory.

The Suez Crisis was a diplomatic and military confrontation in 1956 involving Egypt on one side and Britain, France, and Israel on the other, following Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal.

Hezbollah is a Shiite Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon, known for its armed conflict with Israel and its role in Lebanese politics.

Operation Peace for Galilee was an Israeli military operation launched in 1982 against PLO bases in southern Lebanon, leading to the PLO's expulsion from Lebanon.

The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead, was a three-week armed conflict in 2008-2009 between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, resulting in significant casualties and infrastructure damage.

Israel's Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on May 14, 1948, establishing the State of Israel and leading to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War as neighboring Arab countries reacted.

The UN Partition Plan was a proposal by the UN in 1947 to solve the Jewish-Arab conflict in Palestine by creating separate Jewish and Arab states.

The Wye River Memorandum was an agreement negotiated in 1998 between Israel and the Palestinian Authority aimed at implementing the earlier Oslo Accords and facilitating peace talks.

The Al-Aqsa Intifada, also known as the Second Intifada, was a period of intensified Israeli-Palestinian violence starting in September 2000, sparked by Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount.

The Iron Dome is an Israeli air defense system designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from distances of 4 to 70 kilometers away.

The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a secret 1916 agreement between Britain and France, with assent from Russia and Italy, to divide the Ottoman Empire's territories in the Middle East.

The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence was a series of letters exchanged from 1915 to 1916 between Sharif Hussein of Mecca and Sir Henry McMahon, discussing the fate of the Arab lands after WWI.

The British Mandate for Palestine was a League of Nations mandate from 1920 to 1948 which gave Britain administrative control of Palestine to implement the Balfour Declaration.

Anwar Sadat was the third President of Egypt (1970-1981) who signed the Camp David Accords with Israel, leading to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, and was assassinated in 1981.

Yitzhak Rabin was an Israeli prime minister who played a leading role in the signing of the Oslo Accords and was assassinated in 1995 by an Israeli extremist opposing the Accords.