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A pear-shaped stringed instrument commonly used in Middle Eastern music. It is considered a precursor to the European lute and holds deep cultural significance in Arabic, Greek, Turkish, and Persian traditions.

A plucked zither used in Middle Eastern music, featuring a large trapezoidal body and played either solo or as part of an ensemble. It's known for its rich tones and plays a central role in Arabic classical music.

A traditional folk dance and music genre from the Levant, known for group line dancing and strong rhythmic patterns played on the derbakke drum. It symbolizes social connection and cultural heritage.

A system of melody types used in traditional Arabic music, which prescribes the pitch, pattern, and development of a piece. Central to Middle Eastern music, it provides both musicians and listeners with a rich cultural and emotional experience.

The goblet drum used in Middle Eastern music, known for its distinctive shape and the variety of sounds that can be produced. It's particularly popular in belly dancing and traditional music ensembles.

A style of music that originated in Algeria, combining folk music with modern themes of social and political relevance. Rai has evolved to feature synthesizers and electric guitars, reflecting contemporary influences.

A genre of Arab music that is associated with emotional impact and enchantment, characterized by prolonged moments of musical ecstasy. It's an important social practice that enhances the communal bonding experience.

A music genre that combines Swahili tunes with the musical traditions of the Middle East and Indian Subcontinent. It has a strong cultural significance in East Africa, particularly in Zanzibar and the coastal regions.

An end-blown flute that is one of the oldest musical instruments still in use. Its melodic tones are fundamental in Middle Eastern music and Sufi devotional practices.

A traditional Arabic vocal music genre characterized by emotive, improvisational singing. The mawwal expresses deep emotional responses and is often performed before the main musical piece.

A hammered dulcimer that has a trapezoidal shape and strings that are struck with light hammers. It produces a distinct resonant sound and is used in various forms of Middle Eastern music.

A type of double-reed wind instrument found in Middle Eastern music that provides a loud and penetrating sound, often used in festive occasions and celebrations.

A type of tambourine used in Arabic music, with a frame usually covered in fish skin or synthetic material and cymbals attached around the edges. It's employed for complex rhythms and delicate articulations.

A traditional reed pipe used in the Levantine region, consisting of two pipes played simultaneously. It's associated with rural and festive music, and its drone is a hallmark of its unique sound.

A woodwind instrument that produces a high-pitched and piercing sound, commonly played with a drum in folk music throughout the Middle East. It is especially prominent in ceremonial and military music.

A poetic form and music genre which expresses the pain of loss and the beauty of love. Originating in Arabic poetry, it plays a significant role in Persian, Urdu, and Hindi traditions as well.

A long-necked lute from among Turkic cultures, particularly associated with Alevi musicians in Turkey. It is integral to Turkish folk music and is considered a symbol of cultural identity.

A large cylindrical drum used in Kurdish and Persian music, often played alongside the sorna or zurna. The dohol's powerful rhythms serve to energize the music and dancers.

A musical scale that is commonly used in Middle Eastern music, featuring quarter tones and producing a unique melodic ambience. It's crucial for creating the characteristic sound of the region's music.