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Widely spoken in countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. It has a unique script that is written from right to left.

Primary language of Israel. Revived as a spoken language in the 19th and 20th centuries it now features modern terms.

Main language of Turkey and Cyprus. Notable for its Latin-script-based alphabet adopted in 1928.

Mainly spoken in Iran, Afghanistan (Dari), and Tajikistan (Tajik). It uses a modified version of the Arabic script.

Predominantly spoken by the Kurds in regions across Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. It is written in different scripts depending on the region.

Historically widespread, now minority language in countries including Syria and Iraq. It is one of the oldest continuously spoken languages.

Spoken mainly by Assyrian people in Iraq, Syria, Iran, and the diaspora. It evolved from Classical Syriac.

Indigenous to North Africa regions and spoken by Berbers. It has several varieties and its own script called Tifinagh.

National language of Malta. Unique among Semitic languages for its use of the Latin script and numerous loanwords from Italian.

Spoken in Azerbaijan and parts of Iran. It has two primary scripts: Latin in Azerbaijan and Arabic in Iran.

Regionally spoken in the Gilan province of Iran. It is considered one of the Northwestern Iranian languages.

Spoken by the Lur people in southwestern Iran. It's closely related to Persian but still distinct.

Official language of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. It has its own unique alphabet created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century.