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Injunctions in Civil Law
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Mandatory Injunction
Requires the defendant to take a particular action. This type of injunction compels activity as opposed to prohibiting it, and is granted to restore the situation to status quo ante, i.e., how things were before a wrongful act occurred.
Preliminary Injunction
A court order made before a trial to preserve the status quo or prevent harm. Granted only if there's a likelihood of success on the merits of the case, potential for irreparable harm without it, that the balance of equities tips in the petitioner’s favor, and it serves the public interest.
Permanent Injunction
Issued at the end of a trial, after the plaintiff has won the case. Its purpose is to prohibit the defendant from an action that would breach the rights of the plaintiff, or to compel an action to respect those rights.
Temporary Restraining Order (TRO)
A short-term, emergency injunction which is granted to prohibit an individual from an action likely to cause irreparable harm, or to preserve the status quo until a hearing for a preliminary injunction can be held.
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