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A legal doctrine meaning 'a matter judged' which states that a final judgment on the merits by a court having jurisdiction is conclusive between the parties in any future lawsuit on any issues that were raised or could have been raised in the first lawsuit.

A doctrine preventing an issue of fact or law that is already litigated and decided from being re-litigated in a future lawsuit based on a different claim involving a party to the prior litigation.

The authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type or cases relating to a specific subject matter.

The authority of a court to make decisions binding on the persons involved in a civil case, based on due process principles involving minimum contacts with the forum state.

The geographical location in which a court with jurisdiction may hear and determine a case, often determined by where the parties live or where the events at issue occurred.

The legal right to initiate a lawsuit, requiring that the party has suffered a concrete injury that a court can remedy, and there is a close connection between the injury and the conduct complained of.

A procedural device used in civil litigation when one party believes there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law.