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Sanctions in Civil Litigation
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Dismissal of Claims
A court may dismiss a party's claims as a sanction for severe misconduct such as fraud upon the court, severe noncompliance with discovery orders, or continued failure to prosecute a case. This consequential sanction essentially ends the party's pursuit of the claim in the current litigation.
Contempt of Court
Issued when an individual or entity disobeys a court order, disrupts the proceedings, or shows disrespect to the legal process. Consequences range from fines to incarceration, depending on the severity and type of contempt.
Monetary Sanctions
Imposed as fines for various forms of misconduct, such as filing frivolous suits, needless increase in the cost of litigation, or failure to comply with court orders. The consequences may include compensating the opposing party for attorney's fees or court costs.
Injunctions
Courts can impose injunctions requiring a party to perform or refrain from specific acts in instances of misconduct, usually when monetary sanctions are insufficient to address the harm. Consequences for violating an injunction can include fines, a finding of contempt, or other penalties.
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