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Pleading Standards
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Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Rule 8(a) sets the standard for a claim's statement of jurisdiction, claim for relief, and demand for judgment. It requires that the pleading contains a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court's jurisdiction, a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief, and a demand for the relief sought. The requirement emphasizes brevity and clarity without requiring detailed factual allegations.
Twombly/Iqbal Standard
The Twombly/Iqbal standard refers to the Supreme Court rulings in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, which established the requirement for plaintiffs to state a claim that is plausible on its face. Rather than merely speculative or possible, the claim must have factual content that allows the court to reasonably infer the defendant is liable for the alleged misconduct. This standard is applied during a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted (Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)).
Conley v. Gibson Standard
The Conley v. Gibson standard was the predominant standard for pleading before Twombly and Iqbal. It held that a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of their claim that would entitle them to relief. This 'no set of facts' language was a more lenient standard for plaintiffs, which was later retired in favor of the more stringent Twombly/Iqbal plausibility requirement.
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