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A type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors. Used to treat a range of disorders, including phobias, addiction, depression, and anxiety.

A form of depth psychology, the primary focus of which is to reveal the unconscious content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension. Often used to explore emotional conflicts and the influence of the past on present behavior.

An eight-week evidence-based program that offers secular, intensive mindfulness training to assist people with stress, anxiety, depression, and pain. Utilizes mindfulness meditation to help participants become more aware of their thoughts and emotions.

The standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States, which contains a listing of diagnostic criteria for every psychiatric disorder recognized by the U.S. healthcare system.

A systematic assessment of five different dimensions of a patient's mental health used to provide a more comprehensive understanding of complex diagnoses, now integrated into the DSM-5 as part of its dimensional model.

Clinical practice informed by research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. It is intended to provide the most effective care for patients by integrating scientifically tested and proven methods of treatment.

A projective psychological test comprising 10 inkblots printed on cards (five in black and white, five in color) presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to analyze their personality and emotional functioning.

A standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology, often used to assist with the diagnosis of mental disorders and the selection of appropriate treatment methods.

A chemical substance that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another in the brain. Examples include serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine, which play crucial roles in mood, reward, and cognition.

A severe mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality, which may involve hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized thoughts and speech. Seen in conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and drug-induced states.

A type of cognitive behavioral therapy that aims to reduce fear and anxiety responses by exposing the individual to the source of their fear in a controlled and safe environment. Often used for treating phobias and PTSD.

A mental state in which a person has learned to behave helplessly, failing to respond even though there are opportunities for them to help themselves by avoiding unpleasant circumstances or by gaining positive rewards.

A psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans, specifically the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. Used as a basis to understand long-term relationships, including those involving adoption, foster care, and marital relations.

A term credited to humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers and is a method of interaction in which one person is nonjudgmentally accepting of another, valuing them as worthy regardless of their behavior at that moment.

A significant component of the brain, located in the medial temporal lobe, that is involved in the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.

A cognitive-behavioral treatment originally developed for borderline personality disorder that combines techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness largely derived from Buddhist meditative practice.

An area of psychology that seeks to understand and enhance human strengths and virtues. Research in this field aims to improve the quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and unfulfilling.

Psychological strategies used by individuals to cope with reality and maintain a self-image. These unconscious mechanisms can help manage anxiety and pain, including mechanisms such as denial, repression, projection, and rationalization.

A behavioral therapy technique used to treat phobias and other types of anxiety disorders. It involves the gradual exposure to the feared stimulus paired with relaxation exercises to facilitate extinction of the panic response.