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Neurotransmitters and Function

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Dopamine

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Function: Movement, motivation, and reward system regulation. Related Disorders: Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, addiction.

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Serotonin

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Function: Mood regulation, appetite, and sleep. Related Disorders: Depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Norepinephrine

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Function: Arousal and alertness, part of the fight-or-flight response. Related Disorders: Anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD.

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Glutamate

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Function: Main excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in cognitive functions. Related Disorders: Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorders, glutamate excitotoxicity.

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GABA

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Function: Main inhibitory neurotransmitter, reduces neuronal excitability. Related Disorders: Anxiety disorders, epilepsy, insomnia.

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Acetylcholine

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Function: Involved in muscle activation, attention, and memory. Related Disorders: Alzheimer’s disease, myasthenia gravis, dementia.

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Endorphins

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Function: Pain relief and feelings of pleasure. Related Disorders: Opioid addiction, fibromyalgia, depression.

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Anandamide

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Function: Mood regulation, appetite, pain sensation. Related Disorders: Anxiety, depression, obesity.

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Histamine

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Function: Wakefulness, appetite control, and digestive release. Related Disorders: Sleep disorders, allergies, gastric secretion disorders.

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Oxytocin

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Function: Social bonding, sexual reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Related Disorders: Autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety, relationship difficulties.

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Adenosine

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Function: Sleep-wake regulation, energy transfer, signal transduction. Related Disorders: Sleep disorders, chronic pain conditions.

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

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Function: Response to stress, stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Related Disorders: Anxiety, depression, stress disorders.

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Substance P

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Function: Transmission of pain information, stress response, and inflammation. Related Disorders: Depression, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome.

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Nitric Oxide

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Function: Neural communication, vasodilation, and immune response. Related Disorders: Hypertension, erectile dysfunction, inflammatory conditions.

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Vasopressin

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Function: Water retention in the kidneys, blood pressure regulation. Related Disorders: Diabetes insipidus, SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion).

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