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An in-depth investigation of an individual subject or a small group, providing detailed information about complex issues not easily obtained by other methods. Often used for rare or unique cases.

Research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment without any manipulation by the researcher. It's used to study behavior in a real-world setting.

A research method used to collect data from a predefined group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of interest. It's often used when needing information from a large population.

Research method involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable. It's used to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

A non-experimental research method used to measure the degree of relationship between two or more variables using statistical analysis. It's used to find patterns or predict outcomes without establishing causal links.

A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods, often many decades. It's used to study developmental trends across the lifespan.

A research method that involves analyzing data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time. It's often used for snapshot comparisons between different groups.

A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple scientific studies. It's used when researchers want to draw more robust conclusions from disparate studies.

An empirical study similar to an experimental design but without random assignment. It's used when controlled experiments are not feasible due to ethical or practical reasons.