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Difficulty falling or staying asleep, waking up too early, and not feeling rested. Treatment options include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), sleep hygiene education, and medication if necessary.

Loud snoring, episodes of breathing cessation during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Treatments include CPAP machines, weight loss, and sometimes surgery.

Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone (cataplexy), and sleep paralysis. Treatment options include medication and lifestyle changes.

An uncomfortable urge to move the legs, especially in the evening, which can interfere with sleep. Common treatments include iron supplements and medication such as dopamine agonists.

Abnormal behaviors during sleep such as sleepwalking, night terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Management can include safety measures and medications.

Disruption in the sleep-wake cycle, leading to insomnia at night and sleepiness during the day. Treatments often include light therapy and melatonin.

The temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking. Reassurance, improving sleep hygiene, and addressing any underlying conditions are typical approaches.

Frequent, disturbing nightmares that disrupt sleep and can cause distress or impairment in daytime functioning. Treatment may include therapy, stress reduction techniques, and medication.

Involuntary teeth grinding or clenching during sleep that can cause tooth wear, jaw discomfort, and headache. Treatments include dental guards, stress reduction, and biofeedback.