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Psychotropic Medications
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SSRI (e.g., Fluoxetine)
Use: Depression, Side Effects: Nausea, sexual dysfunction, Mechanism of Action: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibition
Benzodiazepine (e.g., Alprazolam)
Use: Anxiety, Side Effects: Drowsiness, dependency, Mechanism of Action: GABA receptor agonist, increasing inhibitory neurotransmission
Atypical Antipsychotic (e.g., Olanzapine)
Use: Schizophrenia, Side Effects: Weight gain, sedation, Mechanism of Action: Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonism
Mood Stabilizer (e.g., Lithium)
Use: Bipolar Disorder, Side Effects: Weight gain, tremor, Mechanism of Action: Not fully understood, may involve modulation of neuronal excitability
Typical Antipsychotic (e.g., Haloperidol)
Use: Psychotic Disorders, Side Effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, Mechanism of Action: Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
SNRI (e.g., Venlafaxine)
Use: Depression, Anxiety, Side Effects: Hypertension, sexual dysfunction, Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of Serotonin and Norepinephrine reuptake
NMDA Receptor Antagonist (e.g., Memantine)
Use: Alzheimer's Disease, Side Effects: Dizziness, confusion, Mechanism of Action: Regulates glutamatergic neurotransmission by blocking NMDA receptors
MAOI (e.g., Phenelzine)
Use: Treatment-resistant Depression, Side Effects: Hypertensive crisis, dietary restrictions, Mechanism of Action: Inhibits monoamine oxidase enzymes, increasing levels of monoamines like serotonin
Tricyclic Antidepressant (e.g., Amitriptyline)
Use: Depression, Neuropathic pain, Side Effects: Anticholinergic effects, weight gain, Mechanism of Action: Blocks reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Stimulant (e.g., Methylphenidate)
Use: ADHD, Narcolepsy, Side Effects: Insomnia, appetite suppression, Mechanism of Action: Increases dopamine and norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft
Anticonvulsant (e.g., Valproate)
Use: Bipolar Disorder, Epilepsy, Side Effects: Hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, Mechanism of Action: Increases levels of GABA and affects ion channels
Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotic (e.g., Zolpidem)
Use: Insomnia, Side Effects: Sleepwalking, anterograde amnesia, Mechanism of Action: GABA receptor agonist, selectively binds to alpha-1 subunits
Cholinesterase Inhibitor (e.g., Donepezil)
Use: Alzheimer's Disease, Side Effects: Nausea, bradycardia, Mechanism of Action: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels
Beta-blocker (e.g., Propranolol)
Use: Performance Anxiety, Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, Mechanism of Action: Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist
Alpha-2 Agonist (e.g., Clonidine)
Use: ADHD, Side Effects: Dry mouth, hypotension, Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, decreasing sympathetic outflow
Second Generation Antidepressant (e.g., Bupropion)
Use: Depression, Smoking cessation, Side Effects: Seizures at high doses, insomnia, Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
Tetracyclic Antidepressant (e.g., Mirtazapine)
Use: Depression, Side Effects: Weight gain, sedation, Mechanism of Action: Antagonizes alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and serotonin receptors
Typical Antipsychotic (e.g., Chlorpromazine)
Use: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Side Effects: Anticholinergic effects, QT prolongation, Mechanism of Action: Blocks various neurotransmitter receptors including dopaminergic
Atypical Antipsychotic (e.g., Risperidone)
Use: Schizophrenia, Autism-related irritability, Side Effects: Increased prolactin levels, metabolic effects, Mechanism of Action: Dopamine and serotonin antagonist
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (e.g., Atomoxetine)
Use: ADHD, Side Effects: Increased heart rate, xerostomia, Mechanism of Action: Selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake
Anticholinergic (e.g., Benztropine)
Use: Parkinson's Disease, Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, Side Effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, Mechanism of Action: Blocks cholinergic activity
Monoamine Receptor Agonist (e.g., Buspirone)
Use: Anxiety, Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, nausea, Mechanism of Action: Partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors
Non-Selective Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor (e.g., Tranylcypromine)
Use: Treatment-resistant Depression, Side Effects: Insomnia, weight gain, hypertensive crisis, Mechanism of Action: Inhibits all three monoamine oxidase enzymes affecting serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
Partial Nicotine Agonist (e.g., Varenicline)
Use: Smoking Cessation, Side Effects: Nausea, abnormal dreams, Mechanism of Action: Stimulates nicotine receptors at a lower level than nicotine, reducing craving and withdrawal symptoms
Selective Serotonin 5-HT2A Antagonist (e.g., Trazodone)
Use: Depression, Insomnia, Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, priapism, Mechanism of Action: Antagonizes serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and inhibits serotonin reuptake
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