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Requires health insurers to provide the same level of benefits for mental health/substance use treatment and services as they do for medical/surgical care. Impact: Improved access to mental health care and fairness in health insurance coverage.

Prohibits discrimination based on disability, including mental health disorders, and requires reasonable accommodations in employment and public services. Impact: Increased rights and access to services for individuals with mental health conditions.

Expands access to health insurance, including mental health and substance abuse services. Impact: Decreased uninsured rates and expanded mental health coverage.

Intended to provide improved services for those with mental health conditions, laid the groundwork for community mental health services. Impact: Shifted focus to less restrictive community settings and the importance of federal leadership in mental health services provision.

California law that ended the practice of institutionalizing patients against their will, or without due process. Impact: It established legal protections in involuntary civil commitment and conservatorship cases, leading to the deinstitutionalization movement.

Addresses health problems in infants, children, and adolescents by creating initiatives for pediatric research and substance abuse treatment. Impact: Strengthened children's mental health and substance abuse intervention programs.

Governs the compulsory treatment of certain individuals with mental health issues in England and Wales. Impact: Established legal safeguards for detained patients; updated in 2007 to respond to human rights concerns.

Provides funding for research and treatment of mental health conditions, and aims to improve mental health service delivery. Impact: Increased investment in mental health care and innovation, and expanded access to mental health services.

Initiated by President Kennedy, it led to the deinstitutionalization movement and establishment of community mental health centers. Impact: Transitioned patients from hospitals to community-based settings and laid the basis for modern mental health treatment paradigms.