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Developmental Psychology Theories

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Sigmund Freud

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Psychosexual Development Theory: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages.

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Erik Erikson

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Psychosocial Development Theory: Eight stages from Trust vs. Mistrust to Integrity vs. Despair.

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Jean Piaget

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Cognitive Development Theory: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational stages.

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Lawrence Kohlberg

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Moral Development Theory: Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional levels with two stages each.

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Lev Vygotsky

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Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive Development: Zone of Proximal Development and More Knowledgeable Other concepts.

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Urie Bronfenbrenner

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Ecological Systems Theory: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem.

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Albert Bandura

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Social Learning Theory: Emphasizes modeling, imitation, and observational learning.

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John Bowlby

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Attachment Theory: Explores the importance of early emotional bonds for development.

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Mary Ainsworth

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Expanded Attachment Theory: Identified three main attachment styles (Secure, Anxious-Ambivalent, and Avoidant).

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Howard Gardner

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Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Identifies eight distinct types of intelligence.

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Carol Gilligan

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Ethic of Care Theory: Emphasizes relationships and compassion in moral reasoning, critiquing Kohlberg's theory.

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Harry Harlow

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Attachment Research: Demonstrated the importance of comfort and security for monkey infants, not just nourishment.

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Margaret Mahler

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Separation-Individuation Theory: Describes the process of child developing a sense of identity separate from the mother.

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Donald Winnicott

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Object Relations Theory: Explored the importance of the 'holding environment' for the development of the self.

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Abraham Maslow

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Hierarchy of Needs: Psychological theory proposing five levels of human needs, from basic (physiological) to higher levels (self-actualization).

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