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A hallmark symptom of major depression, persistent sadness goes beyond temporary blues—it's a deep, long-lasting emotional pain that affects day-to-day living.

Also known as anhedonia, this marker indicates a significant reduction or absence of interest and pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed, contributing to overall impairment.

Depression can lead to noticeable unintentional weight loss or gain, typically a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month, which can impact physical health.

Changes in sleeping patterns, such as insomnia or hypersomnia, are common. Sleep disturbances have profound effects on mood, energy, and overall health.

Observable changes in activity levels, ranging from restlessness (agitation) to slowed movements and speech (retardation), which can be observed by others.

Almost every day, individuals with major depression experience a significant loss of energy or fatigue that impairs their ability to engage with life effectively.

Depression often brings intense, inappropriate feelings of worthlessness or guilt, which are not merely about being sad but involve harsh self-criticism.

This symptom entails noticeable problems with concentration, decision-making, or both, causing difficulties in work, social, or personal life.

Frequent thoughts about death, suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or an actual suicide attempt or plan for committing suicide, which is a particularly alarming symptom.