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The process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia by the action of diazotrophs, benefiting plant growth.

Conversion of insoluble phosphates to soluble forms by microbial action, making it accessible to plants.

A mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots that enhances nutrient and water uptake.

Breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Biological agents used to control agricultural pests, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.

Microbial inoculants that enhance nutrient supply to crops, promoting sustainable agriculture.

Beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and stimulate growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms.

The use of microorganisms to remove pollutants or contaminants from soil and water, improving agricultural land quality.

Study of microorganisms in the rumen of ruminants that aid in the digestion of cellulose and other complex carbohydrates.

The variety of microscopic organisms in soil that contribute to nutrient cycling, soil structure, and plant health.

The process by which microbes anaerobically convert plant materials into stable and nutritious feed for livestock.

The microbial conversion of ammonia to nitrate, an important step in nitrogen cycling in soil.

Microorganisms used to combat agricultural pests and diseases, minimizing the use of harmful chemicals.

The soil region immediately surrounding plant roots that is influenced by root secretions and associated microbial activity.

A plant disease caused by bacterial pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum, leading to wilting and often death of affected plants.

The aerobic decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, resulting in the production of a nutrient-rich soil amendment.

A group of archaea responsible for producing methane, particularly in the digestive systems of ruminants, affecting greenhouse gas emissions.

The mutualistic relationship between leguminous plants and Rhizobium bacteria that results in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.

Substances or microorganisms applied to plants or soils to improve vigor, yields, and stress tolerance, without being fertilizers themselves.