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Antiparasitic Drugs
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Pentamidine
Mechanism of action: Interferes with nuclear metabolism leading to inhibition of synthesis of DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and proteins. Targets Pneumocystis jirovecii and Trypanosoma species.
Miltefosine
Mechanism of action: Disrupts mitochondrial membranes, inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, and induces apoptosis. Targets Leishmania species.
Melarsoprol
Mechanism of action: Reactive arsenical, binds to sulfhydryl groups in parasitic enzymes, disrupting metabolism. Targets Trypanosoma brucei (African trypanosomiasis).
Suramin
Mechanism of action: Binds to parasitic enzymes and inhibits parasitic glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Targets Trypanosoma brucei (African trypanosomiasis).
Albendazole
Mechanism of action: Causes degenerative alterations in the intestinal cells, inhibits microtubule synthesis. Targets a broad range of helminths including nematodes and tapeworms.
Metronidazole
Mechanism of action: Forms toxic free radicals which damage DNA. Targets protozoans like Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia.
Chloroquine
Mechanism of action: Interferes with the parasite's ability to metabolize and utilize erythrocyte hemoglobin. Targets Plasmodium species (malaria).
Ivermectin
Mechanism of action: Increases invertebrate muscle cell membrane permeability to chloride ions with hyperpolarization and paralysis. Targets onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Mebendazole
Mechanism of action: Inhibits tubulin synthesis and glucose uptake, leading to death of adult worms. Targets hookworms, pinworms, and roundworms.
Pyrimethamine
Mechanism of action: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, halting folic acid synthesis and therefore nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Targets Plasmodium species (malaria).
Nifurtimox
Mechanism of action: Generates toxic radicals, leading to a loss of essential parasite cellular functions. Targets Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease).
Nitazoxanide
Mechanism of action: Interferes with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway, essential to anaerobic energy metabolism. Targets Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
Artemisinin
Mechanism of action: Generates free radicals that damage parasite proteins and membranes. Targets Plasmodium species (malaria).
Praziquantel
Mechanism of action: Increases membrane permeability to calcium in parasite, causing paralysis and death. Targets Schistosoma species and other flukes.
Benznidazole
Mechanism of action: Forms reactive metabolites that bind to parasite macromolecules and cause oxidative stress. Targets Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease).
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