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Associated with energy harvest from diet; alterations can affect obesity and metabolic health.

Associated with lactate metabolism and oral health; may influence athletic performance.

Important in dairy fermentation; engineered strains used in the production of pharmaceuticals.

Normal gut inhabitant but can be an opportunistic pathogen, especially in hospital settings.

Overgrowth can cause candidiasis; normal presence contributes to mucosal immunity.

A yeast probiotic that can prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea.

Synthesizes vitamin K and helps in the digestion of certain food components.

Butyrate-producing bacteria associated with gut health and possibly with protecting against colorectal cancer.

Protects against intestinal inflammation and is involved in the development of the immune system.

Part of the normal microbiota but can cause infections if they spread to other parts of the body.

Associated with the fermentation of carbohydrates and the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids.

A methanogen that helps to optimize digestion by removing excess hydrogen gas.

Dominant in individuals with high-fiber diets; potential role in rheumatoid arthritis.

Promotes a healthy mucosal layer in the gut and linked with improved metabolic profiles.

Anti-inflammatory effects and associated with healthy gut flora; low levels linked to Crohn's disease.

Linked to peptic ulcers and stomach cancer but also regulates stomach acidity.

Protects skin by outcompeting pathogens, but can also cause nosocomial infections.

Supports gut barrier function, enhances digestion, and modulates the immune system.

Aids digestion, boosts immune system, and inhibits pathogenic bacteria growth.

Major contributor to dental caries through production of lactic acid from sugar.

Fermentation of dietary fibers, production of short-chain fatty acids, and potential impact on gut motility.

Used in the production of yogurt and cheeses; supports lactose digestion and gut health.

Can lead to severe diarrhea and colitis, often following antibiotic therapy.

Crucial for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates; imbalance linked to inflammation and obesity.