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Pathogenic Bacteria

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Leptospira interrogans

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Causes leptospirosis. Gram-negative spirochete. Acquired through water contaminated with animal urine.

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Vibrio cholerae

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Causes cholera. Gram-negative comma-shaped. Produces cholera toxin leading to severe dehydration.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Causes pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Gram-positive coccus. Encapsulated and often diplococcus shaped.

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Legionella pneumophila

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Causes Legionnaires' disease. Gram-negative rod. Thrives in water systems, resistant to many disinfection methods.

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Helicobacter pylori

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Causes gastric ulcers, gastric cancer. Gram-negative, spiral-shaped. Lives in the stomach lining.

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Acinetobacter baumannii

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Causes respiratory tract infections, UTIs, wound infections. Gram-negative coccobacillus. Notable for multidrug resistance.

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Propionibacterium acnes

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Associated with acne vulgaris. Gram-positive rod. Anaerobic, part of the normal skin flora.

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Bordetella pertussis

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Causes whooping cough. Gram-negative coccobacillus. Produces pertussis toxin.

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Campylobacter jejuni

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Causes gastroenteritis. Gram-negative spiral-shaped. Associated with poultry.

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Clostridium difficile

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Causes pseudomembranous colitis. Gram-positive rod. Forms spores and produces two major toxins.

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Francisella tularensis

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Causes tularemia. Gram-negative coccobacillus. Can survive in macrophages.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Causes pneumonia, UTIs, and sepsis. Gram-negative rod. Encapsulated and known for its mucoid colonies.

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Moraxella catarrhalis

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Causes otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis. Gram-negative diplococcus. Oxidase-positive, often affects children and COPD patients.

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Listeria monocytogenes

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Causes listeriosis. Gram-positive rod. Can grow at refrigeration temperatures, affects pregnant women greatly.

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Chlamydia trachomatis

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Causes chlamydia, trachoma, and lymphogranuloma venereum. Gram-negative. Obligate intracellular pathogen.

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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Causes atypical pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis. Gram-negative. Obligate intracellular pathogen.

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Enterococcus faecalis

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Causes UTIs, endocarditis, and biliary tree infections. Gram-positive coccus. Known for its high level of antibiotic resistance, including vancomycin.

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Bacillus anthracis

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Causes anthrax. Gram-positive rod. Forms endospores, found in soil.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Causes atypical pneumonia, also known as 'walking pneumonia'. Lacks a cell wall, smallest self-replicating bacterium.

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Neisseria meningitidis

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Causes meningococcal meningitis. Gram-negative diplococcus. Capsulated.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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Causes diphtheria. Gram-positive rod. Produces a toxin that can lead to pseudomembrane over the tonsils and pharynx.

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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Causes Lyme disease. Gram-negative spirochete. Transmitted by ticks.

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Bacteroides fragilis

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Causes intra-abdominal infections, abscesses. Gram-negative rod. Part of normal gut flora, anaerobic.

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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Causes strep throat, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever. Gram-positive coccus. Forms chains.

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Causes skin infections, food poisoning, and MRSA. Gram-positive coccus. Often forms clumps.

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Salmonella enterica

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Causes salmonellosis and typhoid fever. Gram-negative rod. Transmitted through contaminated food or water.

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Yersinia pestis

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Causes plague including bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic forms. Gram-negative rod. Vector-borne through fleas.

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Clostridium perfringens

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Causes gas gangrene, food poisoning. Gram-positive rod. Anaerobic, produces powerful exotoxins.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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Causes gonorrhea. Gram-negative diplococcus. Often asymptomatic in females, can disseminate.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum

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Associated with periodontal disease, Lemierre's syndrome. Gram-negative rod. Anaerobic, found in the oral cavity.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Causes respiratory system infections, UTIs, dermatitis. Gram-negative rod. Notable for its blue-green pigment and multidrug resistance.

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Mycobacterium leprae

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Causes leprosy (Hansen's disease). Acid-fast bacillus. Prefers cooler temperatures, affects skin and peripheral nerves.

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Brucella spp.

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Causes brucellosis or undulant fever. Gram-negative coccobacillus. Zoonotic, transmitted from animals to humans.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Causes tuberculosis. Acid-fast bacillus. Slow-growing, forms complex cell wall.

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Treponema pallidum

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Causes syphilis. Gram-negative spirochete. Sexually transmitted, has several stages.

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Clostridium tetani

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Causes tetanus. Gram-positive rod. Anaerobic, produces a neurotoxin that causes muscle contractions.

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Serratia marcescens

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Causes nosocomial infections, pneumonia, UTIs. Gram-negative rod. Notable for producing red pigment at room temperature.

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Ureaplasma urealyticum

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Causes non-gonococcal urethritis. Lacks a cell wall. Breaks down urea with its urease enzyme.

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis

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Causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Gram-negative. Obligate intracellular pathogen, transmitted by ticks.

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Escherichia coli

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Causes food poisoning, urinary tract infections. Gram-negative rod. Has many strains with varying pathogenicity.

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Shigella spp.

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Causes shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. Gram-negative rod. Human-specific pathogen.

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Rickettsia rickettsii

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Causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Gram-negative. Obligate intracellular pathogen, transmitted by ticks.

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Clostridium botulinum

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Causes botulism. Gram-positive rod. Anaerobic, produces a potent neurotoxin.

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Rickettsia prowazekii

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Causes epidemic typhus, Brill-Zinsser disease. Gram-negative. Obligate intracellular pathogen, transmitted by lice.

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Haemophilus influenzae

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Causes respiratory tract infections, meningitis. Gram-negative coccobacillus. Can be encapsulated.

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Gardnerella vaginalis

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Causes bacterial vaginosis. Gram-variable rod. Associated with an imbalance of vaginal flora.

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Chlamydia psittaci

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Causes psittacosis or parrot fever. Gram-negative. Obligate intracellular pathogen, transmitted by birds.

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