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Simultaneously amplifying multiple genes in a single PCR reaction. In microbiology, this is used for the detection of co-infections or identifying multiple pathogen targets at once.

Similar to Southern blot but for RNA. It allows the study of gene expression in microbiology by detecting RNA transcripts associated with particular bacterial or viral genes.

Study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. In microbiology, metagenomics allows for the discovery of new microbes and analysis of microbial communities in their natural habitats.

Transfer of DNA fragments from an agarose gel to a membrane and detection using a labeled probe. In microbiology, it's used to identify specific DNA sequences related to pathogens or for genetic fingerprinting.

A strand-displacement method for amplifying DNA with high specificity under isothermal conditions. Used in field diagnostics in microbiology due to its simplicity and the ability to detect pathogens quickly without sophisticated equipment.

High-throughput sequencing of RNA to study gene expression profiles. In microbiology, RNA-seq is used to examine the response of microorganisms to various conditions, including infection scenarios.

Determining the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. In microbiology, it is used for characterizing strains of bacteria or viruses at the molecular level for outbreak tracking or treatment tailoring.

Leveraging CRISPR-Cas systems for detecting genetic sequences specific to pathogens. It has been transformative in rapid and precise identification of infectious agents in microbiology.

Used to amplify DNA sequences for identification of pathogens. It is used in microbiology for detecting the presence of specific bacteria or viruses by amplifying their genetic material.

Use of enzyme-linked antibodies to detect specific antigens. In microbiology, ELISA is primary for detecting the presence of pathogens or quantifying antibodies in patient samples as a measure of exposure.

Use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments followed by gel electrophoresis. In microbiology, RFLP can help in genetic fingerprinting of pathogens to understand epidemiology and drug resistance patterns.

Identification and localization of specific DNA/RNA sequences in cells or tissue sections using fluorescent probes. FISH is used in microbiology to detect and localize specific microorganisms within environmental or clinical samples.

Converts RNA into DNA before amplification. Utilized in microbiology to detect RNA viruses like HIV or influenza by first reverse transcribing their RNA into DNA.

Genetic engineering to insert DNA fragments into vectors for expression or analysis. In microbiology, recombinant DNA technology is used for vaccine development, creating diagnostic tools, and studying gene function in pathogens.

Assessment of regions of repetitive DNA for high variability. This technique helps microbiologists understand genetic diversity and population structure of microorganisms.

Identification and quantification of molecules by mass. In microbiology, mass spectrometry is utilized for identifying bacterial species, studying protein interactions, and detecting biomarkers for infectious diseases.

Transfer of proteins from a gel to a membrane and detection using antibodies. Microbiologists use it to identify specific proteins related to microorganisms, which can be indicative of infection or immune response.

DNA amplification at a constant temperature. Microbiologists use this technique for its simplicity and rapidity in detecting pathogens, particularly in point-of-care settings.

Use of probes to simultaneously assess expression of multiple genes. In microbiology, microarrays can be used for pathogen identification, antimicrobial resistance detection, and community profiling in complex samples.