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Aids in digestion of lipids to promote nutrient acquisition and survival of bacteria within host.

Causes traveler's diarrhea by stimulating fluid secretion in the intestines; structurally similar to cholera toxin.

Causes muscle spasms and lockjaw, can be fatal, preventable by vaccine.

Causes food poisoning, nausea, vomiting; heat-stable toxin.

Triggers fever, shock, and often severe inflammation; structural component of Gram-negative bacteria.

Facilitates bacterial spread in tissue by breaking down hyaluronic acid; 'spreading factor'.

Facilitates escape of Listeria monocytogenes from the phagosome within host cells, aiding in their spread.

Damages tissues and cells; some are associated with severe infections like streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

Causes cell death, sore throat, and heart issues; preventable by vaccine.

Causes beta-hemolysis, immune system evasion; associated with Streptococcus pyogenes.

Promotes blood clotting around bacterial cells, helping them evade the immune system.

Increases cyclic AMP levels in host cells leading to altered cell functions and immune evasion; characteristic of Bordetella pertussis.

Helps pathogens access cells by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues; facilitates influenza virus release.

Causes muscular paralysis, Botox usage, potential bioweapon.

Causes dysentery, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); associated with E. coli O157:H7.

Causes whooping cough symptoms, lymphocytosis, and sensitization to histamine.

Breaks down collagen in connective tissue, promoting bacterial spread; used medically to treat burns and ulcers.

Causes cell lysis and is implicated in Vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced gastroenteritis.

Causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte loss; vaccine available.

Dissolves blood clots, used to treat thrombosis; secreted by Streptococci.

Causes edema, blood vessel permeability, and potentially fatal enterotoxemia.

Inhibits protein synthesis causing cell death; highly toxic and can be used as a poison or bioweapon.

Causes respiratory failure, shock, can be used as a bioweapon; vaccine available.

Disrupts protein synthesis leading to cell death; associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Lyses leukocytes, impairs immune response, and contributes to the severity of infections such as pneumonia.

Causes bloody diarrhea and can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); linked to E. coli O157:H7.

Degradation of host nucleic acids facilitates bacterial infection and nutrient release.

Causes hemolysis, tissue necrosis, and gas gangrene; associated with Clostridium perfringens.

Confers bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by breaking the antibiotic structure.

Destroys red blood cells to release hemoglobin; contributes to pathology of infections.

Contributes to pneumonia symptoms by damaging lung tissue; produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Causes gastroenteritis symptoms by affecting the gastrointestinal system.

Degrade host proteins for nutrient uptake or disrupt host tissues and immune responses.

Causes cellular distension, DNA damage, and can lead to cell cycle arrest; associated with some E. coli and Campylobacter species.

Destroys extracellular DNA in pus or at infection sites, diminishing host defense and aiding in spread.