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Causes muscular paralysis, Botox usage, potential bioweapon.

Causes muscle spasms and lockjaw, can be fatal, preventable by vaccine.

Causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte loss; vaccine available.

Causes cell death, sore throat, and heart issues; preventable by vaccine.

Causes food poisoning, nausea, vomiting; heat-stable toxin.

Causes dysentery, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); associated with E. coli O157:H7.

Causes hemolysis, tissue necrosis, and gas gangrene; associated with Clostridium perfringens.

Causes whooping cough symptoms, lymphocytosis, and sensitization to histamine.

Causes respiratory failure, shock, can be used as a bioweapon; vaccine available.

Causes edema, blood vessel permeability, and potentially fatal enterotoxemia.

Facilitates bacterial spread in tissue by breaking down hyaluronic acid; 'spreading factor'.

Promotes blood clotting around bacterial cells, helping them evade the immune system.

Dissolves blood clots, used to treat thrombosis; secreted by Streptococci.

Causes beta-hemolysis, immune system evasion; associated with Streptococcus pyogenes.

Contributes to pneumonia symptoms by damaging lung tissue; produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Triggers fever, shock, and often severe inflammation; structural component of Gram-negative bacteria.

Disrupts protein synthesis leading to cell death; associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Causes gastroenteritis symptoms by affecting the gastrointestinal system.

Causes bloody diarrhea and can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); linked to E. coli O157:H7.

Helps pathogens access cells by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues; facilitates influenza virus release.

Aids in digestion of lipids to promote nutrient acquisition and survival of bacteria within host.

Degradation of host nucleic acids facilitates bacterial infection and nutrient release.

Breaks down collagen in connective tissue, promoting bacterial spread; used medically to treat burns and ulcers.

Destroys red blood cells to release hemoglobin; contributes to pathology of infections.

Degrade host proteins for nutrient uptake or disrupt host tissues and immune responses.

Confers bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by breaking the antibiotic structure.

Causes cellular distension, DNA damage, and can lead to cell cycle arrest; associated with some E. coli and Campylobacter species.

Destroys extracellular DNA in pus or at infection sites, diminishing host defense and aiding in spread.

Increases cyclic AMP levels in host cells leading to altered cell functions and immune evasion; characteristic of Bordetella pertussis.

Lyses leukocytes, impairs immune response, and contributes to the severity of infections such as pneumonia.

Causes traveler's diarrhea by stimulating fluid secretion in the intestines; structurally similar to cholera toxin.

Part of the anthrax toxin complex; increases fluid secretion, tissue swelling, and impairs immune responses.

Inhibits protein synthesis causing cell death; highly toxic and can be used as a poison or bioweapon.

Facilitates escape of Listeria monocytogenes from the phagosome within host cells, aiding in their spread.

Damages tissues and cells; some are associated with severe infections like streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.