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Optical Imaging, such as Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), utilizes light to measure brain activity. It is non-invasive and portable, making it suitable for studying brain function in different populations and environments.

CT scans utilize X-rays to generate images of the brain’s structure. It is quick, often used in emergencies to diagnose strokes or head injuries.

PET uses radioactive tracers to measure metabolic processes in the brain. It's particularly useful for detecting changes at the molecular level and is widely used in oncology and neurology for diagnostics.

MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain. Unlike CT, it does not use radiation and is used for a comprehensive assessment of brain structures.

MEG maps brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, used for mapping brain functions and locating regions affected by pathology.

EEG records electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. It's helpful for diagnosing conditions like epilepsy and sleep disorders, and for research on brain activity during different cognitive tasks.

fMRI measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, using the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. It's non-invasive and used to map brain function and guide brain surgery.

DTI is a type of MRI that maps the diffusion of water molecules in the brain's white matter, aiding in the visualization of neural pathways and in the diagnosis of various cerebral disorders.

Resting-state fMRI examines brain function by measuring signal fluctuations in the brain at rest. It's used to explore the brain's functional connectivity and is important in understanding neurodegenerative diseases.