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Synaptic Transmission

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Neurotransmitter Release

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Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, enabling them to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

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Vesicle Docking

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Neurotransmitter vesicles dock at the presynaptic membrane preparing for release, mediated by SNARE proteins.

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Neurotransmitter Deactivation

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Neurotransmitters are deactivated to prevent continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron via mechanisms such as reuptake or degradation.

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Action Potential Arrival

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The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal prompts the release of neurotransmitters, directly influencing signal transmission.

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Synthesis of Neurotransmitter

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Neurotransmitters are synthesized from precursor molecules and packaged into vesicles, which is crucial for communication between neurons.

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Receptor Binding

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Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the neuron.

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Neurotransmitter Reuptake

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Neurotransmitter molecules are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron, terminating the signal and recycling components for future use.

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Calcium Ion Influx

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Calcium ions enter the presynaptic neuron, triggering vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane and leading to neurotransmitter release.

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Neurotransmitter Storage

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Stored in vesicles within the presynaptic neuron, neurotransmitters are ready for release upon signal reception, ensuring rapid response.

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Postsynaptic Potential

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Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors generates a postsynaptic potential, which can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the neuron affecting its activity.

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Signal Propagation

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If the postsynaptic potential surpasses the threshold, an action potential is generated, propagating the signal along the neuron.

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Enzymatic Degradation

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Neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft, thereby stopping their action and maintaining signal fidelity.

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