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Characteristics: Multipolar structure, long axons, efferent signals. Functions: Conduct impulses from the spinal cord to muscles or glands.

Characteristics: Star-shaped glial cells, abundant in the brain and spinal cord. Functions: Support neuronal function, regulate neurotransmitter levels, help form blood-brain barrier.

Characteristics: Located entirely within the central nervous system, multipolar, highly variable in shape. Functions: Process information locally or convey information short distances.

Characteristics: Found in peripheral nervous system, wraps around axons. Functions: Myelinates one segment of an axon, enhances speed of neural transmission.

Characteristics: Two processes, one dendrite and one axon. Functions: Specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of special senses.

Characteristics: Located in central nervous system, branched. Functions: Myelinates multiple segments of different neurons, insulates axons.

Characteristics: One axon and multiple dendrites, most common type of neuron. Functions: Includes motor neurons and interneurons, integral for thought, perception, and motor coordination.

Characteristics: Smallest glial cells, phagocytic properties. Functions: Act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system.

Characteristics: Pyramidal-shaped cell body, apical dendrite, excitatory. Functions: Principal cells of the prefrontal cortex, involved in cognitive function.

Characteristics: Single process extends from the cell body. Functions: Mainly found in sensory systems, transmit sensory signals to the CNS.

Characteristics: Long dendrites, unipolar or bipolar. Functions: Transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system.