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Language and the Brain
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Writing
Broca's area, Exner's area, Motor cortex
Syntax Processing
Broca's area, Left hemisphere language areas
Prosody and Intonation
Right hemisphere counterparts to language areas, Superior temporal sulcus
Lexical Access
Left temporal lobe, Fusiform gyrus
Pragmatics and Discourse
Prefrontal cortex, Right hemisphere, Temporoparietal junction
Aphasia
Broca's area (expressive aphasia), Wernicke's area (receptive aphasia), Arcuate fasciculus (conduction aphasia)
Semantic Processing
Temporal lobes, Angular gyrus, Inferior frontal gyrus
Speech Production
Broca's area, Motor cortex, Supplementary motor area
Stuttering
Broca's area, Basal ganglia, Motor cortex
Language Acquisition
Left hemisphere language areas in children, Broca's and Wernicke's areas
Phonological Processing
Superior temporal gyrus, Phonological loop in working memory
Sign Language Processing
Similar brain areas as spoken language, Including Broca's and Wernicke's areas, Visual cortex
Bilingual Language Processing
Similar brain areas as monolingual processing, Anterior cingulate cortex
Auditory Language Comprehension
Wernicke's area, Secondary auditory cortex (Belt & Parabelt areas)
Reading Comprehension
Visual cortex, Angular gyrus, Wernicke's area
Neural Basis of Metaphors
Right hemisphere, Inferior frontal gyrus, Middle temporal gyrus
Neurological Basis of Language Evolution
FOXP2 gene, Mirror neurons, Inferior frontal gyrus
Working Memory in Language
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Phonological loop
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