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The Blood-Brain Barrier
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Selective Permeability
The blood-brain barrier allows selective passage of molecules, permitting essential nutrients to enter the brain while blocking harmful substances.
Protection from Blood-Borne Pathogens
The blood-brain barrier acts as a defense mechanism against pathogens that could cause infections within the central nervous system.
Regulation of Ion Concentration
The blood-brain barrier helps maintain the delicate balance of ions in the brain's extracellular fluid, which is crucial for proper neuronal function.
Transport of Metabolic Products
Specific transport mechanisms within the blood-brain barrier allow the movement of metabolic products such as glucose and amino acids into the brain.
Efflux Systems
The blood-brain barrier contains efflux pumps which actively expel drugs and other xenobiotics, limiting their effect on the brain and protecting neural tissue.
Maintaining Brain Homeostasis
The blood-brain barrier plays a key role in preserving homeostasis within the brain environment by controlling substance exchange and responding to changes in blood composition.
Osmotic Balance
By regulating the movement of water and solutes, the blood-brain barrier maintains osmotic balance and protects against osmotically induced neuronal damage.
Immune System Interaction
While the blood-brain barrier limits immune cell access to the brain, it allows for communication with the immune system through various signaling molecules and cytokines.
Limiting Neurotoxicity
The blood-brain barrier helps to limit the exposure of neurons to potential neurotoxins circulating in the blood, thereby preventing toxicity and damage.
Modulating Neuronal Environment
The blood-brain barrier influences the neuronal environment by controlling the levels of neurotransmitters and modulating their effects on neural activity.
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