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The blood-brain barrier allows selective passage of molecules, permitting essential nutrients to enter the brain while blocking harmful substances.

By regulating the movement of water and solutes, the blood-brain barrier maintains osmotic balance and protects against osmotically induced neuronal damage.

Specific transport mechanisms within the blood-brain barrier allow the movement of metabolic products such as glucose and amino acids into the brain.

The blood-brain barrier plays a key role in preserving homeostasis within the brain environment by controlling substance exchange and responding to changes in blood composition.

The blood-brain barrier acts as a defense mechanism against pathogens that could cause infections within the central nervous system.

The blood-brain barrier contains efflux pumps which actively expel drugs and other xenobiotics, limiting their effect on the brain and protecting neural tissue.

The blood-brain barrier helps maintain the delicate balance of ions in the brain's extracellular fluid, which is crucial for proper neuronal function.

While the blood-brain barrier limits immune cell access to the brain, it allows for communication with the immune system through various signaling molecules and cytokines.

The blood-brain barrier helps to limit the exposure of neurons to potential neurotoxins circulating in the blood, thereby preventing toxicity and damage.