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Lipid synthesis; detoxification; involves drug metabolism, implications in pharmacokinetics.

Generates ATP through respiration; involved in cell death; pivotal in metabolic engineering and mitochondrial replacement therapy.

Digests excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria; model for targeted drug delivery and nanotechnology-based therapeutics.

Provide tensile strength; ensure integrity of the cell; relevant to understanding disease states and tissue engineering.

Location of metabolic processes; contains organelles; relevant to bioreactor design for tissue engineering.

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids; important for designing delivery systems for drugs and biomolecules.

Organizes microtubules; roles in cell division; relevant to cancer research and targeted therapy.

Protects cell from its surroundings; controls movement of substances in and out; key in tissue engineering and bio-sensing devices.

Synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins; folding and quality control; significant in production of recombinant proteins.

Stores genetic material (DNA); directs cell activities; development of personalized medicine and gene therapy.

Support the cell; guide organelle movement; crucial in drug targeting and nanodevice design, like for cancer therapy.

Facilitate cell movement; muscle contraction; key in designing synthetic tissues and muscle repair technologies.

Synthesizes proteins; potential targets for antibiotics; important for protein-based therapeutics manufacturing.

Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances; role in metabolic engineering and disease mechanisms for treatments.

Provides structural support and shape; involves cell movement; used in understanding and developing biomaterials for structural integrity.

Mediate binding of cell to cell or cell to ECM; important for tissue engineering and wound healing applications.

Provide mechanical strength to tissues; involved in cellular adhesion studies for tissue engineering.

Allow for communication between cells; crucial for the development of artificial tissues and understanding cardiac dysfunctions.

Forms a barrier to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid; critical for designing bio-barriers and drug delivery systems.

Provides structural and biochemical support; core to the understanding of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Process by which a cell divides to produce two daughter cells; basis for tissue growth and repair; crucial in cancer treatment strategies.

Process by which cells respond to external stimuli; central in drug design and precision medicine for cell-specific targets.

Cell drinking process; internalizes fluid; applied to nanoparticle uptake studies and drug delivery mechanisms.

Copies genetic material; critical for cell division; essential in gene cloning and therapy.

Programmed cell death; removes cells that are no longer needed; targeted for therapies in cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Uncontrolled cell death; often results from injury; used to understand tissue damage mechanisms and inflammatory responses.

Driving force behind the movement of ions; critical in neural signaling and cardiac function; key to biosensor functionality.

Cell eating process; engulfing of particles; strategic for developing targeted drug delivery and immunotherapies.

DNA to RNA; enables protein synthesis; gene expression manipulation for therapeutic proteins production.

Water movement across selective membrane; vital for maintaining cell turgor; principles applied in designing dialysis machines and medical implants.

RNA to Protein; decoding of mRNA; applied to develop cell-free protein synthesis systems for pharmaceutical productions.

Maintenance of cellular protein levels; relevant in drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases.

Results in four haploid cells; genetic variability; fundamental to reproductive technology and understanding of hereditary diseases.

Movement of substances across membrane without energy; principles utilized in drug formulation and passive prosthetic osmosis.

Facilitate ion movement across the membrane; key to neural function; targets for treatments of channelopathies.

Cells ingest extracellular molecules; crucial for drug delivery systems and targeted therapy designs.

Degradation of cell's own components; cellular quality control; implications in neurodegenerative diseases and aging.

Substances moved against gradient using ATP; important for maintaining cell environments; mimicked in bioengineering designs for controllable drug release.

Cells with the potential to develop into many different cell types; critical in therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy; essential for oxygen production; exploited in bioremediation applications.

Uncontrolled cell division; leads to tumors; important for biomedical engineers in developing diagnostics and treatments.

Process by which proteins achieve their functional 3D structure; crucial for biologics manufacturing and in understanding misfolding diseases.