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Prosthetics and Orthotics

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Cochlear Implant

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A medical device that bypasses damaged structures in the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to provide a sense of sound. It is used by individuals with profound hearing loss. Considerations include surgical risks, cost, and the need for therapy to interpret sounds.

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Cervical Orthosis

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A neck brace used to support the cervical portion of the spine, often after injury or surgery. Users must consider the limitations in neck mobility, the importance of proper fit to avoid pressure sores, and the potential effects on daily activities.

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Ocular Prosthesis (Artificial Eye)

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A custom-made, realistic-looking artificial eye designed to fit over an orbital implant and under the eyelids. It does not restore vision but improves cosmetic appearance. Considerations include periodic fitting adjustments, cleaning routines, and potential social and emotional impacts.

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Tendon Repair Orthosis

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An orthotic device used post-surgery or injury to protect and limit the movement of tendons during healing. Users must be cautious of not disrupting the healing process, adjust the device for comfort, and follow a progressive rehabilitation protocol.

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Voice Prosthesis

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A device used for speaking after a laryngectomy, often using air pressure from the lungs to produce sound. User considerations include learning to speak with the device, maintenance of cleanliness, and timely replacement.

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Facial Prosthesis

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A custom-made prosthetic device designed to replicate facial features (like the nose or ear) that have been lost due to illness or trauma. Important considerations are the match with skin tone, durability, and adhesion methods.

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Total Contact Cast

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A casting technique used to heal diabetic foot ulcers and other non-healing wounds. It distributes weight evenly across the foot. Patients should be aware of the immobilization of the joint, the need for frequent changes, and the limited mobility during use.

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Orthopedic Shoes

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Specially designed footwear that supports or accommodates the mechanics and structure of the foot, ankle, and leg. They are commonly used for individuals with diabetic foot problems or structural anomalies. User considerations include proper fit, function, and aesthetic preferences.

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Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis

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A highly specialized prosthesis for those who have had their entire leg and part of the hip removed. Users should consider the increased energy needed for walking, the complexity of the prosthesis, and the psychological impacts.

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Orthotic Insoles

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Custom or off-the-shelf shoe inserts designed to correct foot alignment, provide cushioning, or distribute pressure. They are used for various foot conditions, and users must consider the materials for comfort, the correct alignment for their specific issues, and durability.

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Reciprocating Gait Orthosis

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An orthotic designed for individuals with paralysis from the waist down, allowing them to stand and walk with a swinging gait. Considerations include the device's weight, the difficulty of use, and the necessity for upper body strength and balance.

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Pressure Offloading Devices

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Devices designed to relieve pressure from a particular part of the body, commonly used for wound management and prevention. Considerations include proper fitting, regular assessment of effectiveness, and compliance with use.

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Spinal Orthoses

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Braces that support or correct the alignment of the spine. Indications include scoliosis, spinal fractures, or postoperative support. Users must consider the fit to prevent skin breakdown, the ease of use, and the impact on mobility and daily activities.

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Cranioplasty Plate

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A custom implant used to repair or replace areas of the skull that may be missing or damaged, often after trauma or surgery. Considerations for users include the surgical risks, material used in the plate, and long-term care of the site.

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Upper Limb Prosthesis

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Artificial limbs that replace an amputated arm, including prosthetic hands, wrists, elbows, and shoulders. Users must consider the level of control, type of grip, weight, and cosmetic appearance.

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Osseointegration for Prosthesis

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A surgical procedure where a prosthesis is directly attached to the bone, eliminating the need for a socket. It offers improved range of motion and comfort. Considerations include surgical risks, a prolonged rehabilitation period, and potential for infection at the implant site.

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Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthosis

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A flexible AFO that provides both support and range of motion to the ankle joint, allowing for a more natural gait. Users must consider the degree of support needed, the ease of integration with footwear, and the adaptability to their lifestyle.

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Myoelectric Prosthesis

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A limb controlled by muscle signals from the user's residual limb. They are often used for upper limb replacements, such as hands or arms, and allow for more natural movement. Considerations include the need for training, maintenance, and battery life.

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Stance-Control Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis

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A type of KAFO that allows the knee to bend during the swing phase of walking but locks during stance to provide stability. User considerations include learning the gait pattern, the weight of the orthosis, and the need for regular adjustments.

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Hallux Valgus Splints

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Orthotic devices used to correct the alignment of the big toe in conditions like bunions. They are often worn at night. Users consider the comfort level, effectiveness in pain relief, and progression of the toe deformity.

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Transfemoral Prosthesis

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An above-knee artificial limb that replaces the leg above the knee joint. It includes a socket, knee joint, pylon, and foot. Users have to consider the added complexity of simulating knee motion and the need for greater upper body strength for balance.

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Microprocessor-Controlled Prosthetic Knees

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Advanced knee prosthetics that use microprocessors to adjust the knee's resistance and position in real-time. These are used for smoother, more stable walking. Considerations include cost, the need for recharging, and the potential benefits in terms of mobility and safety.

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Body-Powered Upper Limb Prosthesis

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A type of upper limb prosthesis that uses a harness and cable system, controlled by the body's movements, to operate the limb. Suitable for users looking for a cost-effective and durable option. Considerations include the harness fit and the physical effort required.

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Elastic Therapeutic Tape

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An elastic cotton strip with an acrylic adhesive used for treating injuries and various physical disorders. It provides support and stability to muscles and joints without restricting the range of motion. Considerations include skin sensitivity, application technique, and duration of wear.

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Boston Brace

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A type of TLSO brace for scoliosis that maintains a proper alignment and prevents further curvature of the spine. Considerations include the attention to skin care due to prolonged wear, the potential for discomfort, and the importance of regular adjustments for growing adolescents.

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Diabetic Foot Orthoses

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Custom insoles designed to reduce pressure points and shear forces on the foot in patients with diabetes, preventing ulcers. Users must regularly monitor their feet for any issues, ensure a precise fit, and replace the insoles as needed.

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Mandibular Advancement Device

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An oral appliance used to treat sleep apnea and snoring. It pushes the jaw forward to help keep the airway open. User considerations include jaw discomfort, effectiveness in reducing apnea episodes, and the need for adjustment by a specialist.

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Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO)

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A support brace used to control position and motion of the ankle, compensate for weakness, or correct deformities. AFOs can assist with stability while walking and reduce strain on the muscles. Users must consider comfort, ease of use, and compatibility with footwear.

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Bionic Arm

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An advanced prosthetic arm with motorized joints and sensors that respond to electrical signals from the user's muscles. It aims to replicate the function of a natural arm. User considerations include learning to control the arm, the need for regular maintenance, and the high costs involved.

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Cosmetic Prosthesis

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A prosthesis designed solely for aesthetic purposes, not functional use. They help in the psychological well-being of the user by providing a natural appearance. Considerations include the color match, comfort, and ease of attachment or removal.

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Transtibial Prosthesis

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A below-knee artificial limb designed to replace a missing lower leg. It transfers the body's weight to the ground and allows for walking. Users must consider fit, alignment, and comfort to avoid skin irritation and ensure proper gait.

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Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFO)

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A brace that spans the knee, ankle, and foot to provide support and alignment for those with weakness or paralysis in the leg. User considerations include weight, ease of donning/doffing, and adjustment to the wearer's gait pattern.

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Lower Limb Prosthesis

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Artificial limbs that replace legs, from partial foot and ankle prostheses up to full hip disarticulation prostheses. Key considerations include the level of activity, the type of suspension system used, and the materials for construction regarding weight and durability.

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Scoliosis Bracing

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Non-surgical treatment for scoliosis that involves wearing a brace to halt the progression of spinal curvature. Considerations include wear time (often up to 23 hours per day), impact on quality of life, and the importance of individualized fitting.

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Maxillofacial Prosthesis

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Prostheses that replace facial features, bone, and teeth lost due to cancer, trauma, or congenital deficiency. Considerations include color matching, ease of placement and removal, and the impact on speech and eating.

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Functional Electrical Stimulation

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A therapeutic treatment that applies small electrical pulses to paralyzed muscles to restore or improve their function. Considerations include device setup, patience during skill acquisition, and the integration of usage into daily routines.

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