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A rapid depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane voltage, essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

The voltage difference across the membrane when a neuron is not transmitting a signal, typically between -60 to -80 mV in neurons.

A technique to study single or multiple ion channels in cells by recording the currents that flow through them.

A record of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, used in the diagnosis of cardiac conditions.

A protein that allows specific ions to pass through it across the cell membrane, contributing to various cell functions like action potentials.

Used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a particular ion based on the concentration gradient across the membrane:

An experimental method to control the membrane potential of a cell while measuring the ionic currents that pass through the membrane.

A test that detects electrical activity in the brain using small electrodes attached to the scalp.

The process of reducing the resting membrane potential, typically by the influx of sodium ions into the neuron.

An increase in the membrane potential of a cell, relative to the normal resting potential, often resulting from the efflux of potassium ions.

The process of restoring the resting membrane potential after depolarization, typically involving the efflux of potassium ions.

The period during and immediately following an action potential when a neuron cannot initiate another action potential regardless of the strength of the stimulus.

The period following the absolute refractory period when a neuron can initiate another action potential, but only by a stronger than usual stimulus.

A mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated, based on voltage-gated ion channels.

The spontaneous gradual depolarization of the membrane potential that occurs in the cells of the sinoatrial node, leading to the initiation of the action potential that dictates the heart rate.

The specific type of action potential observed in cardiac muscle cells, characterized by a prolonged plateau phase due to prolonged calcium ion influx.

The mechanism by which an action potential leads to muscle contraction, involving the influx of calcium and interaction with the contractile proteins.

A formula used to predict membrane potential from the concentrations of multiple ions and their respective permeability:

A procedure that destroys areas of heart tissue that are causing cardiac arrhythmias.

The use of electrophysiological techniques to delineate the electrical activity of the heart or brain, often to identify abnormal tissue responsible for arrhythmias.

A mathematical model used to describe how electrical signals attenuate as they travel along passive structures like dendrites and axons.

The measurement of the electrical potential inside a neuron, providing detailed information about the electrical activities of the cell.

The voltage across a cell's plasma membrane, critical for various cellular activities including cell signaling and muscle contraction.

The ability of ion channels to discriminate between different ions, allowing some to pass while blocking others.

An invasive test that studies the electrical conduction system of the heart to assess the potential for arrhythmic episodes.

The electric potential in the extracellular space around neurons, representing the summed electrical activity of a population of neurons.

The movement of cells or organisms in response to an electric field, playing a role in processes such as wound healing and cell migration.

A non-invasive neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain.

A non-invasive method to measure changes in volume within an organ or the whole body, often used to assess blood flow.

A technique to record nerve impulses and nerve traffic in individual peripheral nerve fibers.

Devices that substitute a motor, sensory, or cognitive modality that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease.

A biological technique which involves the use of light to control neurons that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels.

A device that enables the detection of electrical activity in living tissue and the conversion of ionic currents to electronic ones.