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The branch of ethics that studies the implications of neuroscience and neurotechnology practices. Applications include the ethical use of brain-computer interfaces, privacy concerns in neural data, and consent in cognitive research.

The alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical or pharmaceutical agents. Applications include pain relief, treatment of psychiatric disorders, and control of movement disorders.

Non-neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons. Applications include investigating their roles in neural signaling and potential involvement in neurological conditions.

A device that substitutes or enhances motor, sensory, or cognitive functions lost due to neural damage. Applications range from cochlear implants to brain-computer interfaces.

A branch of tissue engineering that focuses on repairing or replacing damaged neural tissues. Applications include stem cell therapies and biomaterials for neural regeneration.

The change in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain in response to neural activity. It is the basis for fMRI measurements. Applications include cognitive neuroscience studies and clinical diagnosis of brain disorders.

A technique where electrodes are placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity. Applications include epilepsy monitoring and brain-computer interfaces.

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Applications include rehabilitation after brain injury and enhancing learning and memory.

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity. Applications include learning and memory, as well as recovery from brain injury.

A non-invasive method of recording electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. Applications include diagnosing epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain death.

A non-invasive method that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. Applications include treatment of depression and migraine, as well as mapping brain function.

A technique that involves the use of light to control neurons genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. Applications include studying neural circuits and potential treatments for neurological disorders.

A surgical treatment involving the implantation of a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain. Applications include treatment of Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. Applications include mapping brain function, studying the effects of drugs, and diagnosing brain disorders.

The part of the sensory system that involves the reception and processing of touch and proprioceptive information. Applications include prosthetics with sensory feedback and rehabilitation therapies.

The process of translating patterns of neural activity into meaningful information or commands. Applications include brain-computer interfaces and understanding brain function.

A non-invasive imaging technique used to measure the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain. Applications include localizing brain abnormalities and researching cognitive processes.

A brain training technique that provides real-time feedback on brain activity. Applications include treatment for ADHD, anxiety, and improving cognitive performance.

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of peripheral nerves. Applications include diagnosing nerve injuries and neuropathies.

Arrays of tiny electrodes used to monitor the electrical activity of neurons. Applications include neural recording for research and interfacing with prostheses.

The process by which axons regrow following injury. Applications include strategies to repair nerve damage and recover function after neurotrauma.

The study of the anatomy and function of the brain and spinal cord through the use of imaging, immunohistochemistry, and other methods. Applications include diagnostics, surgical planning, and research into brain functionality.

Devices that replace or assist damaged neural systems to restore sensory and motor functions. Applications include cochlear implants, retinal implants, and brain-computer interfaces.

A system that translates brain signals into commands for external devices, allowing direct brain control. Applications include assisting disabled individuals and enhancing human-computer interaction.