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Transvaginal ultrasound is a type of pelvic ultrasound used predominantly in gynecology where the transducer is inserted into the vagina to obtain images with higher resolution of the uterus, ovaries, and endometrium.

Compound imaging combines images taken from multiple angles to create a single image with more detail and less shadowing. This helps clinicians in better visualization and diagnosis.

M-mode (Motion mode) captures moving images of anatomical structures and is primarily used to assess the motion of the heart's structures in echocardiography over time.

Continuous Wave Doppler ultrasound continuously sends and receives sound waves to measure the velocity of blood flow across an entire length of the ultrasound beam, used when high velocity flow must be measured.

Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing. It is used in diagnostics to create images of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, vessels, and internal organs.

A-mode (Amplitude mode) is the simplest type of ultrasound imaging, displaying the amplitude of echoes on a graph as a function of depth. It is often used in ophthalmology to measure distances within the eye.

Therapeutic ultrasound uses sound waves to treat medical problems, particularly musculoskeletal issues like inflammation from injuries (tendinitis, bursitis) by promoting tissue healing and increasing local blood flow.

HIFU is a therapeutic technique that uses focused ultrasound energy to heat and destroy tissue in a precise location, commonly used for the treatment of uterine fibroids or cancer without surgery.

Speckle is the texture or graininess in ultrasound images produced by the interference of echoes coming from the distribution of scatterers in the tissue, which can obscure fine detail.

Elastography is an ultrasound technique used to evaluate the stiffness or elasticity of soft tissue, which can help distinguish between benign and malignant tissue based on their differing mechanical properties.

Endocavitary probes are specialized ultrasound transducers designed for insertion into body cavities, such as the rectum or vagina, to provide high-resolution images of internal structures in proximity to the probe.

In medical ultrasound, frequency refers to the number of cycles a sound wave completes in one second. It affects the resolution and penetration of the ultrasound wave. Diagnostic ultrasounds typically range from 2-18 MHz.

A cine loop is a collection of consecutive ultrasound images stored in sequence, allowing the review of an ultrasound sequence in real-time motion, often used in cardiac assessments and fetal ultrasound.

Pulsed Wave Doppler is an ultrasound technique used to measure the velocity of blood flow by sending pulses of sound waves and listening for their echoes from moving blood. It allows selective measurement from a specific location.

3D ultrasound provides a three-dimensional image of the scanned structure, while 4D ultrasound offers a 3D image with the added dimension of motion, showing dynamic events such as fetal movements in real time.

The Doppler Effect refers to the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source. It is used in ultrasound to measure and assess blood flow velocity by detecting changes in frequency of the reflected waves.

Time Gain Compensation is a feature on ultrasound machines that adjusts the brightness of the image at different depths to compensate for the loss of signal due to attenuation.

Contrast agents in ultrasound are substances that are introduced into the body to enhance the reflectivity of certain structures, which can help to visualize blood flow and organ perfusion more clearly.

Anisotropy in musculoskeletal ultrasound is the variation in echo intensity seen when the transducer is angled differently relative to the tissue structure, especially in tendons and ligaments. This must be considered to avoid diagnostic errors.

Power Doppler is a type of Doppler ultrasound that provides more sensitive blood flow detection by displaying the intensity of the Doppler signal rather than the direction or velocity. It is helpful in detecting slow or tiny blood vessels.

The piezoelectric effect occurs when materials generate an electrical charge in response to applied mechanical stress. This principle is used in ultrasound transducers to convert electrical signals into sound waves and vice versa.

B-mode (Brightness mode) is a two-dimensional ultrasound imaging technique where the brightness of spots on the screen corresponds to the amplitude of the reflected sound waves. It forms the basis for most diagnostic ultrasound images.

Real-time imaging in ultrasound allows for the visualization of structures and movements within the body as they occur live. It is crucial for guidance during procedures and assessing moving parts like a beating heart.

Sonoelastography is a type of ultrasonic imaging that measures tissue response to vibration, which can provide information about tissue elasticity, helping to identify lesions that are harder or softer than the surrounding tissue.

A transducer or probe is a device that converts one form of energy to another. In ultrasound, it converts electrical energy into ultrasonic sound waves and receives the echoes to create images.

Resolution in ultrasound imaging is the ability to distinctively image two separate structures that are close to each other. It is determined by the frequency of the sound wave; higher frequencies yield better resolution but lower penetration.

Attenuation refers to the reduction in the intensity of ultrasound waves as they pass through tissue, due to absorption, reflection, and scattering. This phenomenon affects the quality of the diagnostic images.

Harmonic imaging is a technique in ultrasound imaging where the transducer receives harmonic frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency sent into the body. It is used to improve image clarity and reduce artifacts.

Echocardiography is an ultrasound examination of the heart, used to evaluate the structures and function of the heart, including its chambers, valves, and blood flow through the heart.