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Secant Pile Walls consist of interlocking concrete piles to form a continuous wall. There are two types of piles used: primary (soft) piles and secondary (hard) piles, which are installed in pre-drilled holes. They are used in the construction of deep foundations and underground structures.

Braced Cuts involve the installation of horizontal braces to support the side walls of an excavation. This support system is useful for shallow to medium depth excavations, commonly applied in the construction of underpasses and underground parking structures.

Sheet piling refers to the construction of a wall, often made of steel, timber or reinforced concrete, that is driven into the ground to provide earth retention and excavation support. Common applications include retaining walls, permanent building walls, and sea walls.

Anchored Earth Retention involves the use of anchors which are driven into the ground and then tied back to the retaining wall, providing additional stability to the supported structure. It's applied in supporting retaining walls, steep slopes, and in the stabilization of excavation sites.

Strut and Waling Systems use horizontal wales (or walings) to distribute the load and struts to provide horizontal support against earth pressures. They are used in conjunction with other earth retention techniques, like sheet piling, to support deep excavations.

Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls use layers of geosynthetic reinforcement and suitable backfill material to provide stability and support. Common applications include highways, bridge abutments, and retaining walls for large soil masses.

Diaphragm Walls, also known as slurry walls, are constructed by the excavation of a narrow trench that is kept full of an engineered fluid until a wall of cast-in-place concrete is formed. Diaphragm walls are commonly used for permanent building basements and underground facilities.

Contiguous Pile Walls are formed with a series of closely spaced piles without touching each other, providing support for excavation and retaining soil. The gaps between the piles allow for the dissipation of groundwater. They are typically employed where the groundwater level is not an issue.

Soil Nailing consists of installing steel bars (nails) into the soil which are then grouted in place. It's a technique used to reinforce and stabilize existing ground. Soil nailing is effective for road cuttings, retaining walls, and as a construction aid for underground development.