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Types of Soil Stresses
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Normal Stress
Stress that occurs perpendicular to a surface. It's common in structures that bear weight vertically, such as columns and walls.
Triaxial Stress
A condition where stress is applied in three perpendicular directions; used in triaxial tests to measure soil strength under controlled conditions.
Shear Stress
Stress acting parallel to a surface. It is a main factor in soil failure along slip planes and is crucial to understanding landslides.
Preconsolidation Stress
Maximum past normal stress that a soil has sustained. Understanding this helps predict the soil's behavior under future loading conditions.
Hydrostatic Stress
Stress condition where equal stress is applied in all directions; commonly occurs in fluids or in saturated soils under water pressure.
Uniaxial Stress
Stress that is applied in one direction only, typically encountered in unconfined compression tests for cohesive soils.
Consolidation Stress
Resultant stress from the process of reduction in soil volume and water content due to prolonged static loads, as seen in soil settlement.
Effective Stress
The stress that is carried by the soil skeleton. It is the difference between total stress and pore water pressure, and is central to soil behavior analysis.
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