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Ground Improvement Techniques
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Preloading
Preloading method involves applying a load over the soil surface to remove pore water over time thus consolidating the soil, suitable for soft clays and silty soils.
Stone Columns
Stone columns improve soil by providing drainage and reinforcing the ground, suitable for soft to medium stiff clays, silts, and some sandy soils.
Electro-Osmosis
Electro-Osmosis stabilizes fine-grained soils by applying a direct electric current through the soil to cause water movement, primarily used in silts and clays.
Soil Nailing
Soil Nailing provides temporary or permanent stabilization by inserting reinforcing bars into the existing ground, ideal for cohesive soils or weak rocks.
Dynamic Compaction
Dynamic Compaction uses a heavy tamper dropped from a height to compact the soil, mainly effective for granular soils with some fines.
Soil Stabilization with Lime
Lime is added to soil to reduce plasticity and increase strength. It can be used in a variety of soil types but is particularly effective with clayey soils.
Vibro-Compaction
Vibro-Compaction consolidates soil by using deep vibration to rearrange particles into a denser formation, generally suitable for non-cohesive soils like sand.
Jet Grouting
Jet Grouting involves using high-pressure jets to erode and mix the soil with a binding agent, creating columns of improved material, applicable to a wide range of soils.
Grouting
Grouting involves the injection of pumpable materials into a soil or rock formation to change its physical properties, commonly used in both granular and fissured rock.
Biotechnical Soil Improvement
Biotechnical Soil Improvement combines vegetation and civil engineering techniques to enhance slope stability and is suitable for a range of soil types.
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