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The selection of materials is based on characteristics such as strength, durability, and workability. Considerations include the material's resistance to weathering, its environmental impact, and life cycle costs.

Structural design involves determining the appropriate pavement thickness and layer composition to withstand expected loads. Considerations include the method of analysis (empirical or mechanistic), traffic projections, and reliability level.

Proper drainage design is essential to prevent water accumulation, which can lead to pavement deterioration. Considerations include designing adequate slopes, installing drainage layers, and ensuring permeability of materials.

The surface properties, such as texture and skid resistance, are important for safety and ride quality. Considerations include the type of traffic, climatic conditions, and maintenance requirements.

Purpose is to spread out the loads applied on the pavement surface over a larger area to reduce stress on the underlying layers. Considerations include the material selection (e.g., asphalt, concrete), thickness design, and the expected traffic loads.

The purpose of the subgrade is to provide a stable foundation for the pavement structure. Considerations include the soil's load-bearing capacity, its drainage characteristics, and the need for soil stabilization or modification.

Stress analysis aims to predict the stresses and strains within the pavement due to traffic loads. Considerations include the elastic and plastic behavior of materials, temperature effects, and load repetition.

Identifying failure modes such as fatigue cracking, rutting, and frost heave is crucial in pavement design. Considerations include the diagnosis of causes, preventative measures, and design adjustments to mitigate failure.

Environmental considerations focus on the sustainable development of pavement structures. Key aspects include the use of recycled materials, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and preserving natural habitats during construction.