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Stone columns are created by drilling into soil and backfilling with gravel or crushed stone to form a column. They increase the load-bearing capacity and reduce settlement and liquefaction potential in loose soils, often used in foundation support.

This method combines vegetative plantings and engineering techniques to stabilize soil on slopes. It promotes ecological balance and is used in areas where it's essential to blend the reinforcement with the natural environment.

Soil nailing is a technique where steel reinforcing bars are inserted into the ground to stabilize soil slopes and excavations. It's used when constructing retaining walls, tunnels, or when stabilizing steep slopes to prevent landslides.

Geosynthetic reinforcement involves using geotextiles or geomembranes to improve the stability and load capacity of soil. Commonly used in the construction of embankments, retaining walls, and roadway stabilization.

Gabions are wire mesh baskets filled with rocks or concrete that are stacked to form a wall. This method is often used for erosion control, slope stabilization, and as aesthetic retaining features in landscape architecture.

Anchored Earth is a technique that uses cables or rods that are anchored to a stable layer of soil or rock behind the retaining structure. This method is ideal for supporting high retaining walls and bridge abutments.

Grouting involves injecting a liquid mixture of water, cement, and sometimes sand or chemicals into the soil to increase its strength and stiffness. This is often used in tunneling and to mitigate settlement beneath structures.