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Celiac Disease & Gluten Sensitivity

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Define celiac disease.

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Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, specifically the villi, which impairs nutrient absorption.

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What is the treatment for celiac disease?

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The primary treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, which helps heal the intestinal damage and alleviate symptoms.

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What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

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Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, headaches, bone or joint pain, and chronic fatigue. The exact symptoms can vary from person to person.

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What is gluten?

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Gluten is a group of proteins found primarily in wheat, barley, and rye, which can trigger harmful reactions in individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivities.

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Differentiate between celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.

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Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition with small intestine damage, while gluten sensitivity (non-celiac gluten sensitivity) causes similar symptoms without the autoimmune intestinal damage.

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What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

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Dermatitis herpetiformis is an itchy, blistering skin condition that can be a symptom of celiac disease. It is also treated with a gluten-free diet and sometimes medication.

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Can celiac disease lead to other health issues if untreated?

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Untreated celiac disease can lead to serious health complications like malnutrition, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, and increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers among others.

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How is celiac disease diagnosed?

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Diagnosis typically involves serologic tests for specific antibodies and an endoscopic biopsy of the small intestine to assess villi damage.

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Why is it important to maintain a gluten-free diet even with no symptoms?

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In celiac disease, gluten ingestion can cause intestinal damage and long-term complications even without symptoms. Adherence to a gluten-free diet is important to prevent these effects.

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Is there a genetic component to celiac disease?

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Yes, celiac disease has a genetic component and is more common in individuals with first-degree relatives who have the disease. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes are associated with higher risk.

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