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Common Hepatobiliary Diseases

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Hepatitis A

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Symptoms: Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain. Causes: Hepatitis A virus, usually transmitted via contaminated food or water. Treatment options: Supportive care, vaccination, and good hygiene practices.

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Alcoholic Liver Disease

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Symptoms: Enlarged liver, portal hypertension, ascites. Causes: Chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Treatment options: Abstinence from alcohol, liver transplant, nutritional support.

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Cholecystitis

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Symptoms: Severe pain in the upper right abdomen, fever, vomiting. Causes: Gallstones, tumors, bile duct problems. Treatment options: Antibiotics, cholecystectomy, supportive measures like fasting and hydration.

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Ascites

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Symptoms: Abdominal swelling, discomfort, shortness of breath. Causes: Cirrhosis, heart failure, malignancy. Treatment options: Diuretics, paracentesis, addressing the underlying cause.

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Hepatitis B

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Symptoms: Jaundice, dark urine, joint pain. Causes: Hepatitis B virus, transmitted through bodily fluids. Treatment options: Antiviral medication, liver transplant in severe cases, vaccination to prevent.

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Gallstones

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Symptoms: Sudden pain in the right upper portion of the abdomen, back pain, nausea. Causes: Imbalance in substances that make up bile. Treatment options: Cholecystectomy, medications to dissolve gallstones, managing symptoms.

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Wilson's Disease

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Symptoms: Lack of coordination, tremors, psychiatric problems. Causes: Genetic disorder impairing copper excretion by the liver. Treatment options: Chelation therapy, zinc, liver transplant in severe cases.

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Hemochromatosis

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Symptoms: Joint pain, fatigue, diabetes mellitus. Causes: Genetic disorder causing iron overload. Treatment options: Phlebotomy, chelation therapy, dietary changes to avoid excess iron.

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Autoimmune Hepatitis

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Symptoms: Fatigue, abdominal discomfort, joint pain. Causes: Unknown, but involves immune system attacking liver. Treatment options: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, liver transplant in advanced cases.

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Gilbert's Syndrome

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Symptoms: Mild jaundice. Causes: Genetic condition resulting in reduced enzyme activity that processes bilirubin. Treatment options: Usually no treatment required, avoid triggers like fasting, dehydration, and stress.

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

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Symptoms: Fatigue, pain in the upper right abdomen. Causes: Obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome. Treatment options: Weight loss, improved diet, management of comorbidities.

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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Symptoms: Itching, jaundice, fatigue. Causes: Unknown, but associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment options: Endoscopic surgery to stretch narrowed bile ducts, liver transplant, medications.

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Cirrhosis

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Symptoms: Loss of appetite, easy bruising, spider angiomas. Causes: Chronic liver diseases like hepatitis and alcohol abuse. Treatment options: Managing complications, transplant, avoiding alcohol.

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Primary Biliary Cholangitis

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Symptoms: Itching, fatigue, dry eyes and mouth. Causes: Autoimmune disease affecting the liver's bile ducts. Treatment options: Ursodeoxycholic acid, liver transplant, medications to relieve symptoms.

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Hepatitis C

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Symptoms: Bleeding easily, swollen legs, weight loss. Causes: Hepatitis C virus, often transmitted through needles or exposure to infected blood. Treatment options: Antiviral drugs, avoiding alcohol, liver transplant for advanced disease.

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