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Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
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Omeprazole
Use: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Mechanism of action: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Side effects: Headache, nausea, diarrhea
Ranitidine
Use: Peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Mechanism of action: H2 receptor antagonist, Side effects: Headache, constipation, fatigue
Metoclopramide
Use: Gastroparesis, Mechanism of action: Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; stimulates motility, Side effects: Drowsiness, fatigue, extrapyramidal symptoms
Loperamide
Use: Diarrhea, Mechanism of action: Opioid receptor agonist in GI tract, Side effects: Constipation, dizziness, dry mouth
Mesalamine
Use: Ulcerative colitis, Mechanism of action: Anti-inflammatory, Side effects: Nausea, headache, abdominal pain
Sulfasalazine
Use: Ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Mechanism of action: 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulfapyridine, Side effects: Headache, nausea, rash
Infliximab
Use: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Mechanism of action: TNF-alpha inhibitor, Side effects: Infection risk, infusion reactions, headache
Amoxicillin
Use: H.pylori infection, Mechanism of action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, Side effects: Nausea, diarrhea, rash
Clarithromycin
Use: H.pylori infection, Mechanism of action: Macrolide antibiotic; inhibits protein synthesis, Side effects: Nausea, diarrhea, taste disturbances
Lactulose
Use: Hepatic encephalopathy, constipation, Mechanism of action: Osmotic laxative, Side effects: Bloating, flatulence, diarrhea
Rifaximin
Use: Traveler's diarrhea, IBS, hepatic encephalopathy, Mechanism of action: Non-absorbable antibiotic, Side effects: Nausea, peripheral edema, dizziness
Ondansetron
Use: Nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, Mechanism of action: Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, Side effects: Headache, constipation, fatigue
Simethicone
Use: Excessive gas and bloating, Mechanism of action: Defoaming agent, decreases surface tension of gas bubbles, Side effects: Minimal, as not absorbed systemically
Alosetron
Use: Severe Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in women, Mechanism of action: 5-HT3 antagonist, Side effects: Constipation, ischemic colitis, abdominal pain
Pancrelipase
Use: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, Mechanism of action: Replacement digestive enzymes, Side effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea
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