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Purpose: To inspect the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Methodology: A flexible tube with a camera, called an endoscope, is inserted through the mouth and into the esophagus, stomach, and beginning of the small intestine.

Purpose: To visualize the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract. Methodology: The patient swallows a capsule with a tiny camera that takes thousands of pictures as it passes through the small intestine.

Purpose: To obtain high-quality images of the digestive tract and surrounding tissues. Methodology: An endoscope equipped with an ultrasound probe is inserted into the digestive tract, providing detailed images.

Purpose: To measure the time it takes for food to leave the stomach and enter the small intestine. Methodology: The patient eats a meal containing a small amount of radioactive material, which is then tracked by a scanner.

Purpose: To measure the pH levels in the esophagus to evaluate for acid reflux. Methodology: A probe is placed in the esophagus for 24 hours, connected to a portable recorder to track pH levels.

Purpose: To inspect the sigmoid colon and rectum for signs of disease. Methodology: A flexible tube with a light and camera, called a sigmoidoscope, is inserted into the rectum to visualize the sigmoid colon.

Purpose: To diagnose and treat conditions of the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. Methodology: Combines upper endoscopy and X-ray imaging to examine these ducts.

Purpose: To diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption, such as lactose intolerance, and bacterial overgrowth in the intestine. Methodology: The patient ingests a carbohydrate solution and exhales into a balloon-like device to measure hydrogen levels in the breath.

Purpose: To examine the inner lining of the large intestine for abnormalities. Methodology: A long, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon.