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Gastrointestinal Hormone Disorders
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Short Bowel Syndrome
Symptoms: Diarrhea, malnutrition, weight loss. Diagnosis: Blood tests, stool studies, imaging. Treatment: Nutritional support, medications, sometimes bowel lengthening surgeries.
Lactase Deficiency
Symptoms: Bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain after consuming dairy. Diagnosis: Lactose tolerance test, hydrogen breath test. Treatment: Lactase supplements, dietary changes.
Achlorhydria
Symptoms: Digestive discomfort, risk of infections, malabsorption. Diagnosis: Gastric pH measurement, endoscopy. Treatment: Address underlying condition, acid supplements.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Symptoms: Peptic ulcers, stomach pain, diarrhea. Diagnosis: Measuring gastrin levels, imaging, endoscopy. Treatment: Proton pump inhibitors, surgery for tumor removal.
Carcinoid Syndrome
Symptoms: Flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, and heart valve issues. Diagnosis: 24-hour urine test for 5-HIAA, blood tests, imaging. Treatment: Somatostatin analogues, surgery, chemotherapy.
Gastric Dumping Syndrome
Symptoms: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, feeling faint post-meal. Diagnosis: Oral glucose tolerance test, gastric emptying test. Treatment: Dietary changes, medications, surgery.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, bloating, constipation/diarrhea. Diagnosis: Rome criteria, exclusion of other conditions. Treatment: Dietary changes, medications, stress management.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Symptoms: Heartburn, acid reflux, regurgitation. Diagnosis: Esophageal pH monitoring, endoscopy. Treatment: Lifestyle modifications, medication, surgery.
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